INDIVIDUAL: Upon an individual, other than a minor or an incompetent person, by serving the individual or by leaving a copy of the summons and the complaint at the individual's dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein or by delivering a copy of the summons and the complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process;

MINOR: Upon a minor by serving any one of the following: the father, the mother, the guardian, the individual having care of the minor or with whom the minor lives, or the spouse, if the minor is married, and, if the minor is over the age of sixteen (16) years, by also serving the minor personally;

INCOMPETENT NOT CONFINED: Upon an incompetent person not confined by serving the incompetent and that person's guardian but, if no guardian has been appointed, by serving the incompetent and a person with whom the incompetent lives or a person who cares for the incompetent;

INCOMPETENT CONFINED: Upon an incompetent person not having a guardian and confined in any institution for the mentally ill or mentally deficient, by serving the superintendent of the institution or similar official or person having the responsibility for custody of the incompetent person;

INCARCERATED PERSON: Upon an individual incarcerated in any penal institution or detention facility within this state, by serving the individual, except that when the individual to be served is a minor, by serving any one of the following: the father, the mother, the guardian, the individual having care of the minor, or the spouse, if the minor is married, and, if the minor is over the age of sixteen (16) years, by also serving the minor

CORPORATIONS AND OTHER ENTITIES: Upon a domestic or foreign corporation or upon a partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, limited liability company, or unincorporated organization or association, by serving an officer, a partner (other than a limited partner), a managing or general agent, or any agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.

STATE: Upon this state or any one of its departments, agencies, offices, or institutions, by serving the officer responsible for the administration of the department, agency, office, or institution, and by serving the attorney general of this state;

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND OTHER GOVERMENTAL ENTITIES: Upon a county, municipal corporation, or any other governmental entity not previously mentioned, or an agency thereof, by serving the chief executive officer or the clerk, or other person designated by appointment or by statute to receive service of process, or upon the attorney general of the state if such service is accompanied by an affidavit of a party or the party's attorney that all such persons described herein are unknown or cannot be located.

INDIVIDUALS: Upon an individual other than an infant or an incompetent person, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the individual personally, or by leaving copies thereof at the individual’s dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein, or by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.

INFANTS: Upon an infant, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to such infant personally, and also to the infant’s father, mother or guardian, or if there be none within the state, then to any person having the care or control of such infant, or with whom the infant resides, or in whose service the infant is employed; or if any service cannot be made upon any of them, then as provided by order of the court.

INCOMPETENT PERSON: Upon an incompetent person, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint personally— (A) To the guardian of the person or a competent adult member of the person’s family with whom the person resides, or if the person is living in an institution, then to the director or chief executive officer of the institution, or if service cannot be made upon any of them, then as provided by order of the court; and (B) Unless the court otherwise orders, also to the incompetent person.

CORPORATIONS OR LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES: Upon a domestic or foreign corporation or limited liability company, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to a managing member, an officer, a managing or general agent, or to any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process

PARTNERSHIPS: Upon a partnership, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint personally to a general partner of such partnership, or to a managing or general agent of the partnership, or to any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process, or to a person having control of the business of the partnership; or if service cannot be made upon any of them, then as provided by order of the court.

UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS: Upon an unincorporated association, by delivering a copy of the summons and the complaint personally to an officer, a managing or general agent, or to any other person authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process; or if service cannot be made upon any of them, then as provided by order of the court.

STATE OF ALASKA: Upon the state, by sending a copy of the summons and the complaint by registered or certified mail to the Attorney General of Alaska, Juneau, Alaska, and (A) to the chief of the attorney general’s office in Anchorage, Alaska, when the matter is filed in the Third Judicial District; or (B) to the chief of the attorney general’s office in Fairbanks, Alaska, when the matter is filed in the Fourth Judicial District

OFFICER OR AGENCY OF STATE: Upon an officer or agency of the state, by serving the State of Alaska as provided in the preceding paragraph of this rule, and by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to such officer or agency. If the agency is a corporation, the copies shall be delivered as provided in paragraph (4) of this subdivision of this rule.

PUBLIC CORPORATIONS: Upon a borough or incorporated city, town, school district, public utility district, or other public corporation in the state, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the chief executive officer or chief clerk or secretary thereof

UNKNOWN PARTIES: Upon unknown persons who may be made parties in accordance with statute and these rules, by publication as provided in subdivision (e) of this rule.

OFFICER OR AGENCY OF STATE AS AGENT FOR NON-GOVERMENTAL DEFENDANT: Whenever, pursuant to statute, an officer or an agency of the State of Alaska has been appointed as agent to receive service for a non-governmental defendant, or whenever, pursuant to statute, an officer or agency of the State of Alaska, has been deemed, considered or construed to be appointed as agent for a non-governmental defendant by virtue of some act, conduct or transaction of such defendant, service of process shall be made in the manner provided by statute

NATURAL PERSONS: If the defendant is a natural person at least 18 years of age or emancipated by court order, by: (A) delivering a copy of the process to the defendant personally, or if he or she refuses to receive it after the process server makes his or her purpose clear, by leaving the papers in close proximity to the defendant; (B) leaving the process with any member of the defendant's family at least 18 years of age at a place where the defendant resides; or (C) delivering the process to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of summons on the defendant's behalf.

MINORS: If a defendant is less than 18 years of age and has not been emancipated by court order, by delivering the process to the defendant's father, mother, or guardian or, if there be none in the state, to any person at least 18 years of age in whose care or control the minor may be or with whom the minor resides.

INCAPACITATED PERSONS: If a plenary, limited, or temporary guardian has been appointed for an incapacitated person, or if a conservator has been appointed for a person who by reason of advanced age or physical disability is unable to manage his or her property, service shall be on the person and the guardian or conservator.

INCARCERATED PERSONS: Service on a person incarcerated in any jail, penitentiary, or other correctional facility in this state shall be on the administrator of the institution, who shall promptly deliver the process to the incarcerated person. A copy of the process shall also be sent to the incarcerated person by first-class mail and marked as "legal mail" and, unless the court otherwise directs, to his or her spouse, if any.

CORPORTATIONS: Service on any corporation, including nonprofit corporations, professional corporations, and cooperatives, shall be on its registered agent for service of process, or the agent's secretary or assistant; any officer of the corporation, or the officer's secretary or assistant; a managing or general agent of the corporation, or the agent's secretary or assistant; any agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process; or as provided by an applicable statute.

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES: Service on a limited liability company shall be on its registered agent for service of process, or the agent's secretary or assistant; a manager of a limited liability company in which management is vested in managers rather than members, or the manager's secretary or assistant; a member of a limited liability company in which management is vested in the members or in which management is vested in managers and there are no managers, or that member's secretary or assistant; a managing or general agent of the limited liability company, or the agent's secretary or assistant; any agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process; or as provided by an applicable statute.

PATNERSHIPS: Service on any type of partnership, including a general partnership, a limited liability partnership, a limited partnership, and a limited liability limited partnership, shall be on any general partner or his or her secretary or assistant; the partnership's registered agent for service of process, or the agent's secretary or assistant; a managing or general agent of the partnership, or the agent's secretary or assistant; any agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process; or as provided by an applicable statute.

UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS: Service on an unincorporated association subject to suit under its own name, except a partnership, shall be on its registered agent for service of process, or the agent's secretary or assistant; any manager of the association, or the manager's secretary or assistant; any agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process; or as provided by an applicable statute.

DEFENDANT CLASS ACTIONS: Service on a defendant class shall be on each of the parties named as class representatives in the same manner as if each representative were sued in a separate action.

TRUSTS: Service on a trust shall be on a trustee of the trust, on the trustee's secretary or assistant, or as provided by statute.

THE UNITED STATES: Service on the United States or any of its agencies, officers, or employees shall be as authorized by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or by other federal law.

STATES AND STATE AGENCIES: Service on a state or any of its agencies, departments, boards, or commissions subject to suit shall be on the chief executive officer, director, or chairman, any other person designated by appointment or by an applicable statute to receive service of process, or on the Attorney General of the state if service is accompanied by an affidavit of a party or the party's attorney that the officer or designated person is unknown or cannot be located.

MUNICPAL: Service on a municipal corporation shall be on the mayor, city manager, city administrator, or city clerk.

COUNITES: Service on a county shall be on the county judge, county administrator, county clerk, or circuit clerk if no county clerk has been elected.

SCHOOL DISTRICTS: Service on a school district shall be on the president of the board of directors, or the superintendent of schools

OTHER POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS: Service on any political subdivision, special district, or quasi-municipal agency not listed in this subdivision shall be on any officer, director, chairman, or manager.

PIBLIC OFFICERS OR EMPLOYEES: Service on an officer or employee of a government entity listed in paragraphs (12)-(16) of this subdivision, acting in an official capacity, shall be on the officer or employee and by mailing a copy of the process as specified in subdivision (g)(1)(A)(i) of this rule to an official on whom service can be made pursuant to paragraphs (12)-(16), as applicable, and a copy to the Attorney General if a state officer or employee is sued.

SERVING AN INDIVIDUAL: (1) delivering a copy of the summons and the pleading being served to that individual personally; (2) leaving a copy of each at that individual's dwelling or usual place of abode with someone of suitable age and discretion who resides there; or (3) delivering a copy of each to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.

SERVING A MINOR: Unless Rule 4.1(f) applies, a minor less than 16 years old may be served by delivering a copy of the summons and the pleading being served to the minor in the manner set forth in Rule 4.1(d) for serving an individual and also delivering a copy of each in the same manner: (1) to the minor's parent or guardian, if any of them reside or may be found within Arizona; or (2) if none of them resides or is found within Arizona, to any adult having the care and control of the minor, or any person of suitable age and discretion with whom the minor resides.

SERVING A MINOR WHO HAS A GUARDIAN OR CONSERVATOR: If a court has appointed a guardian or conservator for a minor, the minor must be served by serving the guardian or conservator in the manner set forth in Rule 4.1(d) for serving an individual, and separately serving the minor in that same manner.

SERVING A PERSON ADJUDICATED INCOMPETENT WHO HAS A GUARDIAN OR CONSERVATOR: If a court has declared a person to be insane, gravely disabled, incapacitated, or mentally incompetent to manage that person's property and has appointed a guardian or conservator for the person, the person must be served by serving the guardian or conservator in the manner set forth in Rule 4.1(d) for serving an individual, and separately serving the person in that same manner.

SERVING A GOVERNMENTAL ENTITY: If a governmental entity has the legal capacity to be sued and it has not waived service under Rule 4.1(c), it may be served by delivering a copy of the summons and the pleading being served to the following individuals: (1) for service on the State of Arizona, the Attorney General; (2) for service on a county, the Board of Supervisors clerk for that county; (3) for service on a municipal corporation, the clerk of that municipal corporation; and (4) for service on any other governmental entity: (A) the individual designated by the entity, as required by statute, to receive service of process; or (B) if the entity has not designated a person to receive service of process, then the entity's chief executive officer(s), or, alternatively, its official secretary, clerk, or recording officer.

SERVING A CORPORATION, PARTNERSHIP, OR OTHER UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATION: If a domestic or foreign corporation, partnership, or other unincorporated association has the legal capacity to be sued and has not waived service under Rule 4.1(c), it may be served by delivering a copy of the summons and the pleading being served to a partner, an officer, a managing or general agent, or any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process and--if the agent is one authorized by statute and the statute so requires--by also mailing a copy of each to the defendant.

SERVING A DOMESTIC CORPORTATION IF AN AUTHORIZED OFFICER OR AGENT IS NOT FOUND WITHIN ARIZONA: (1) Generally. If a domestic corporation does not have an officer or an agent within Arizona on whom process can be served, the corporation may be served by depositing two copies of the summons and the pleading being served with the Arizona Corporation Commission. Following this procedure constitutes personal service on that corporation. (2) Evidence. If the sheriff of the county in which the action is pending states in the return that, after diligent search or inquiry, the sheriff has been unable to find an officer or agent of such corporation on whom process may be served, the statement constitutes prima facie evidence that the corporation does not have such an officer or agent in Arizona. (3) Commission's Responsibilities. The Arizona Corporation Commission must retain one of the copies of the summons and the pleading being served for its records and immediately mail the other copy, postage prepaid, to the corporation or any of the corporation's officers or directors, using any address obtained from the corporation's articles of incorporation, other Corporation Commission records, or any other source.

CORPORTATION: A summons may be served on a corporation by delivering a copy of the summons and the complaint by any of the following methods: (a) To the person designated as agent for service of process as provided by any provision in Section 202, 1502, 2105, or 2107 of the Corporations Code (or Sections 3301 to 3303, inclusive, or Sections 6500 to 6504, inclusive, of the Corporations Code, as in effect on December 31, 1976, with respect to corporations to which they remain applicable). (b) To the president, chief executive officer, or other head of the corporation, a vice president, a secretary or assistant secretary, a treasurer or assistant treasurer, a controller or chief financial officer, a general manager, or a person authorized by the corporation to receive service of process. (c) If the corporation is a bank, to a cashier or assistant cashier or to a person specified in subdivision (a) or (b). (d) If authorized by any provision in Section 1701, 1702, 2110, or 2111 of the Corporations Code (or Sections 3301 to 3303, inclusive, or Sections 6500 to 6504, inclusive, of the Corporations Code, as in effect on December 31, 1976, with respect to corporations to which they remain applicable), as provided by that provision.

CORPORTATION (THAT HAS FOREITED CHARTER OR HAS DISSOLVED): A summons may be served on a corporation that has forfeited its charter or right to do business, or has dissolved, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint: (a) To a person who is a trustee of the corporation and of its stockholders or members; or (b) When authorized by any provision in Sections 2011 or 2114 of the Corporations Code (or Sections 3301 to 3303, inclusive, or Sections 6500 to 6504, inclusive, of the Corporations Code as in effect on December 31, 1976, with respect to corporations to which they remain applicable), as provided by such provision.

JOINT STOCK COMPANY OR ASSOCIATION: A summons may be served on a joint stock company or association by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint as provided by Section 416.10 or 416.20.

UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATION OR PARTNERSHIP: A summons may be served on an unincorporated association (including a partnership) by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint: (a) If the association is a general or limited partnership, to the person designated as agent for service of process in a statement filed with the Secretary of State or to a general partner or the general manager of the partnership; (b) If the association is not a general or limited partnership, to the person designated as agent for service of process in a statement filed with the Secretary of State or to the president or other head of the association, a vice president, a secretary or assistant secretary, a treasurer or assistant treasurer, a general manager, or a person authorized by the association to receive service of process; (c) When authorized by Section 18220 of the Corporations Code, as provided by that section.

PUBLIC ENTITY: (a) A summons may be served on a public entity by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the clerk, secretary, president, presiding officer, or other head of its governing body. (b) As used in this section, “public entity” includes the state and any office, department, division, bureau, board, commission, or agency of the state, the Regents of the University of California, a county, city, district, public authority, public agency, and any other political subdivision or public corporation in this state.

MINOR: A summons may be served on a minor by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to his parent, guardian, conservator, or similar fiduciary, or, if no such person can be found with reasonable diligence, to any person having the care or control of such minor or with whom he resides or by whom he is employed, and to the minor if he is at least 12 years of age.

A PERSON (OTHER THAN A MINOR): A summons may be served on a person (other than a minor) for whom a guardian, conservator, or similar fiduciary has been appointed by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to his guardian, conservator, or similar fiduciary and to such person, but, for good cause shown, the court in which the action is pending may dispense with delivery to such person.

ANY OTHER PERSON NOT SPECIFIED: A summons may be served on a person not otherwise specified in this article by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to such person or to a person authorized by him to receive service of process.

(416.80) When authorized by Section 12 of the Elections Code, a summons may be served as provided by that section.

PERSONAL SERVICE: (1) Upon a natural person whose age is eighteen years or older by delivering a copy thereof to the person, or by leaving a copy thereof at the person’s usual place of abode, with any person whose age is eighteen years or older and who is a member of the person’s family, or at the person’s usual workplace, with the person’s supervisor, secretary, administrative assistant, bookkeeper, human resources representative or managing agent; or by delivering a copy to a person authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process,

UPON A NATURAL PERSON (AT LEAST 13 YOA, AND LESS THAN 18): by delivering a copy thereof to the person and another copy thereof to the person’s father, mother, or guardian, or if there be none in the state, then by delivering a copy thereof to any person in whose care or control the person may be; or with whom the person resides, or in whose service the person is employed; and upon a natural person under the age of thirteen years by delivering a copy to the person’s father, mother, or guardian, or if there be none in the state, then by delivering a copy thereof to the person in whose care or control the person may be

PERSON WHOM A CONSERVATOR HAS BEEN APPOINTED: by delivering a copy thereof to such conservator

CORPORTATION, PARTNERSHIP, ASSOCIATION, COOPERATIVE, LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP ASSOCIATION, TRUST, ORGANIZATION, OTHER FORM OF ENTITY: that is recognized under the laws of this state or of any other jurisdiction, (including any such organization, association or entity serving as an agent for service of process for itself or for another entity) by delivering a copy thereof to the registered agent for service as set forth in the most recently filed document in the records of the secretary of state of this state or of any other jurisdiction, or that agent’s secretary or assistant, or one of the following: (A) An officer of any form of entity having officers, or that officer’s secretary or assistant; (B) A general partner of any form of partnership, or that general partner’s secretary or assistant; (C) A manager of a limited liability company or limited partnership association in which management is vested in managers rather than members, or that manager’s secretary or assistant; (D) A member of a limited liability company or limited partnership association in which management is vested in the members or in which management is vested in managers and there are no managers, or that member’s secretary or assistant; (E) A trustee of a trust, or that trustee’s secretary or assistant; (F) The functional equivalent of any person described in paragraphs (A) through (E) of this subsection (4), regardless of such person’s title, under:(I) the articles of incorporation, articles of organization, certificate of limited partnership, articles of association, statement of registration, or other documents of similar import duly filed or recorded by which the entity or any or all of its owners obtains status as an entity or the attribute of limited liability, or (II) the law pursuant to which the entity is formed or which governs the operation of the entity; (G) If no person listed in subsection (4) of this rule can be found in this state, upon any person serving as a shareholder, member, partner, or other person having an ownership or similar interest in, or any director, agent, or principal employee of such entity, who can be found in this state, or service as otherwise provided by law

MUNCIPAL CORPORATION: by delivering a copy thereof to the mayor, city manager, clerk, or deputy clerk

UPON A COUNTY: by delivering a copy thereof to the county clerk, chief deputy, or county commissioner.

A SCHOOL DISTRICT: by delivering a copy thereof to the superintendent.

UPON A STATE: by delivering a copy thereof to the attorney general.

UPON AN OFFICER, AGENT, EMPLOYEE OF THE STATE, ACTING IN AN OFFICIAL CAPACITY: by delivering a copy thereof to the officer, agent, or employee, and by delivering a copy to the attorney general. (B) Upon a department or agency of the state, subject to suit, by delivering a copy thereof to the principal officer, chief clerk, or other executive employee thereof, and by delivering a copy to the attorney general. (C) For all purposes the date of service upon the officer, agent, employee, department, or agency shall control, except that failure to serve copies upon the attorney general within 7 days of service upon the officer, agent, employee, department, or agency shall extend the time within which the officer, agent, employee, department, or agency must file a responsive pleading for 63 days (9 weeks) beyond the time otherwise provided by these Rules.

UPON OTHER POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS OF THE STATE OF COLORADO, SPECIAL DISTRICTS, OR QUASI-MUNCIPAL ENTITIES: by delivering a copy thereof to any officer or general manager, unless otherwise provided by law.

UPON ANY OF THE ENTITIES LISTED IN SUBSECTIONS 4-11: by delivering a copy to any designee authorized to accept service of process for such entity or person, or by delivery to a person authorized by appointment or law to receive service of process for such entity or person. The delivery shall be made in any manner permitted by such appointment or law

Process in civil actions against the following-described classes of defendants shall be served as follows: (1) Against a town, upon its clerk, assistant clerk, manager or one of its selectmen; (2) against a city, upon its clerk or assistant clerk or upon its mayor or manager; (3) against a borough, upon its manager, clerk or assistant clerk or upon the warden or one of its burgesses; (4) against a school district, upon its clerk or one of its committee; (5) against a board, commission, department or agency of a town, city or borough, notwithstanding any provision of law, upon the clerk of the town, city or borough, provided two copies of such process shall be served upon the clerk and the clerk shall retain one copy and forward the second copy to the board, commission, department or agency; (6) against any other municipal or quasi-municipal corporation, upon its clerk or upon its chief presiding officer or managing agent; and (7) against an employee of a town, city or borough in a cause of action arising from the employee's duties or employment, upon the clerk of the town, city or borough, provided two copies of such process shall be served upon the clerk and the clerk shall retain one copy and forward the second copy to the employee.

PRIVATE CORPORATION: In actions against a private corporation, service of process shall be made either upon the president, the vice president, an assistant vice president, the secretary, the assistant secretary, the treasurer, the assistant treasurer, the cashier, the assistant cashier, the teller or the assistant teller or its general or managing agent or manager or upon any director resident in this state, or the person in charge of the business of the corporation or upon any person who is at the time of service in charge of the office of the corporation in the town in which its principal office or place of business is located. In actions against a private corporation established under the laws of any other state, any foreign country or the United States, service of process may be made upon any of the aforesaid officers or agents, or upon the agent of the corporation appointed pursuant to section 33-922.

PARTNERSHIP: In actions against a partnership, service of process may be made by personally serving any process within the state upon any one of the partners or, if none of the partners are residents of the state, service may be made upon the Secretary of the State; provided, prior to the return date, the officer serving the writ shall mail a copy of the writ and the complaint by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, to the last-known address of every partner named in the writ not personally served. A statement of such mailing and receipt therefor shall be included in the officer's return.

VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION: In actions against a voluntary association, service of process may be made upon the presiding officer, secretary or treasurer. If all of such officers are not residents of the state and the voluntary association is doing business, acting or carrying out its operations or its functions within the state, the voluntary association shall be deemed to have appointed the Secretary of the State as its attorney and to have agreed that any process in any civil action brought against it may be served upon the Secretary of the State and that the process shall have the same validity as if served personally upon the presiding officer, secretary or treasurer of the voluntary association. The process shall be served by any officer to whom the process is directed upon the Secretary of the State by leaving with, or at the office of, the Secretary of the State, at least twelve days before the return day of the process, a true and attested copy thereof, and by sending to the defendant at its last-known address by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, a like true and attested copy with an endorsement thereon of the service upon the Secretary of the State. The officer serving the process upon the Secretary of the State shall leave with the Secretary of the State, at the time of service, a fee of twenty-five dollars, which fee shall be taxed in favor of the plaintiff in his costs if he prevails in the action. The Secretary of the State shall keep a record of each such process and the day and hour of service.

INDIVIDUAL: Upon an individual other than an infant or an incompetent person by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint and affidavit, to that individual personally or by leaving copies thereof at that individual's dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein, or by delivering copies thereof to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.

INFANT: Upon an infant under the age of 18 years, if such infant has a guardian in this State, by service upon such guardian in the same manner as upon an individual, if the guardian is an individual, or in the same manner as upon a corporation, if the guardian is a corporation; and if there is no such guardian, by service in the same manner as upon an individual, upon an adult person with whom such infant resides or who has the infant's place of abode.

INCOMPETENT PERSON: if such person has a trustee or guardian in this State, by service upon such trustee or guardian, in the same manner as upon an individual, if the trustee or guardian is an individual; or in the same manner as upon a corporation, if such trustee or guardian is a corporation; and if there is no such trustee or guardian, by service in the same manner as upon an individual, upon an adult person with whom such incompetent person resides or who has the incompetent person's place of abode

TRUSTEE OR GAURDIAN: As used herein, trustee or guardian refers to one appointed by the Court of competent jurisdiction in this State; provided, however, that a trustee or guardian duly appointed by a court of competent jurisdiction of another state may accept service and/or appear, upon filing proof of such appointment in the cause here pending.

INFANT OR INCOMPETENT PERSON, NOT RESIDENT OF THE STATE: in the same manner as upon a competent adult person who is not an inhabitant of or found within the State.

DOMESTIC OR FORIGN CORPORATION, PARTNERSHIP, UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATION: which is subject to suit under common name by delivering copies of the summons, complaint and affidavit, if any, to an officer, a managing or general agent or to any other agent authorized by law to receive service of process and if the agent is one authorized by statute to receive service and the statute so requires, by also mailing a copy to the defendant.

MUNICPAL CORPORATION, GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION: subject to suit by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint and affidavit, if any, to the chief executive officer thereof or by serving copies thereof in the manner prescribed by law for the service of summons upon such defendant.

A DEFENDANT OF ANY CLASS REFEREED TO IN SUBSECTION (I) AND (III) OF THIS RULE: it is also sufficient if the summons, complaint and affidavit, if any, are served in the manner prescribed by any statute.

Whenever a statute, rule of court or an order of court provides for service of summons or of a notice or of an order in lieu of summons upon a party not an inhabitant of or found within the State, service shall be made under the circumstances and in the manner prescribed by the statute, rule or order

MINOR: Process against a minor who has never been married shall be served:(a) By serving a parent or guardian of the minor as provided for in s. 48.031 or, when there is a legal guardian appointed for the minor, by serving the guardian as provided for in s. 48.031. (b) By serving the guardian ad litem or other person, if one is appointed by the court to represent the minor. Service on the guardian ad litem is unnecessary when he or she appears voluntarily or when the court orders the appearance without service of process on him or her. (2) In all cases heretofore adjudicated in which process was served on a minor as prescribed by any law heretofore existing, the service was lawfully made, and no proceeding shall be declared irregular or illegal if a guardian ad litem appeared for the minor.

INCOMPETENT: (1)Process against an incompetent shall be served: (a) By serving two copies of the process to the person who has care or custody of the incompetent or, when there is a legal guardian appointed for the incompetent, by serving the guardian as provided in s. 48.031. (b) By serving the guardian ad litem or other person, if one is appointed by the court to represent the incompetent. Service on the guardian ad litem is unnecessary when he or she appears voluntarily or when the court orders the appearance without service of process on him or her. (2) In all cases heretofore adjudicated in which process was served on an incompetent as prescribed by any law heretofore existing, the service was lawfully made, and no proceeding shall be declared irregular or illegal if a guardian ad litem appeared for the incompetent.

STATE PRISONER: Process against a state prisoner shall be served on the prisoner.

PARTNERSHIPS, LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS: 1) Process against a partnership shall be served on any partner and is as valid as if served on each individual partner. If a partner is not available during regular business hours to accept service on behalf of the partnership, he or she may designate an employee to accept such service. After one attempt to serve a partner or designated employee has been made, process may be served on the person in charge of the partnership during regular business hours. After service on any partner, plaintiff may proceed to judgment and execution against that partner and the assets of the partnership. After service on a designated employee or other person in charge, plaintiff may proceed to judgment and execution against the partnership assets but not against the individual assets of any partner. (2) Process against a domestic limited partnership may be served on any general partner or on the agent for service of process specified in its certificate of limited partnership or in its certificate as amended or restated and is as valid as if served on each individual member of the partnership. After service on a general partner or the agent, the plaintiff may proceed to judgment and execution against the limited partnership and all of the general partners individually. If a general partner cannot be found in this state and service cannot be made on an agent because of failure to maintain such an agent or because the agent cannot be found or served with the exercise of reasonable diligence, service of process may be effected by service upon the Secretary of State as agent of the limited partnership as provided for in s. 48.181. Service of process may be made under ss. 48.071 and 48.21 on limited partnerships. (3) Process against a foreign limited partnership may be served on any general partner found in the state or on any agent for service of process specified in its application for registration and is as valid as if served on each individual member of the partnership. If a general partner cannot be found in this state and an agent for service of process has not been appointed or, if appointed, the agent’s authority has been revoked or the agent cannot be found or served with the exercise of reasonable diligence, service of process may be effected by service upon the Secretary of State as agent of the limited partnership as provided for in s. 48.181, or process may be served as provided in ss. 48.071 and 48.21.

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY: (1) Process against a limited liability company, domestic or foreign, may be served on the registered agent designated by the limited liability company under chapter 605. A person attempting to serve process pursuant to this subsection may serve the process on any employee of the registered agent during the first attempt at service even if the registered agent is a natural person and is temporarily absent from his or her office. (2) If service cannot be made on a registered agent of the limited liability company because of failure to comply with chapter 605 or because the limited liability company does not have a registered agent, or if its registered agent cannot with reasonable diligence be served, process against the limited liability company, domestic or foreign, may be served: (a) On a member of a member-managed limited liability company; (b) On a manager of a manager-managed limited liability company; or (c) If a member or manager is not available during regular business hours to accept service on behalf of the limited liability company, he, she, or it may designate an employee of the limited liability company to accept such service. After one attempt to serve a member, manager, or designated employee has been made, process may be served on the person in charge of the limited liability company during regular business hours. (3) If, after reasonable diligence, service of process cannot be completed under subsection (1) or subsection (2), service of process may be effected by service upon the Secretary of State as agent of the limited liability company as provided for in s. 48.181. (4) If the address for the registered agent, member, or manager is a residence, a private mailbox, a virtual office, or an executive office or mini suite, service on the domestic or foreign limited liability company may be made by serving the registered agent, member, or manager in accordance with s. 48.031. (5)This section does not apply to service of process on insurance companies.

AGENTS OF NONRESIDENTS DOING BUSINESS IN THE STATE: When any natural person or partnership not residing or having a principal place of business in this state engages in business in this state, process may be served on the person who is in charge of any business in which the defendant is engaged within this state at the time of service, including agents soliciting orders for goods, wares, merchandise or services. Any process so served is as valid as if served personally on the nonresident person or partnership engaging in business in this state in any action against the person or partnership arising out of such business. A copy of such process with a notice of service on the person in charge of such business shall be sent forthwith to the nonresident person or partnership by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested. An affidavit of compliance with this section shall be filed before the return day or within such further time as the court may allow.

CORPORATIONS: (1) Process against any private corporation, domestic or foreign, may be served: (a) On the president or vice president, or other head of the corporation; (b) In the absence of any person described in paragraph (a), on the cashier, treasurer, secretary, or general manager; (c) In the absence of any person described in paragraph (a) or paragraph (b), on any director; or (d) In the absence of any person described in paragraph (a), paragraph (b), or paragraph (c), on any officer or business agent residing in the state. (2) If a foreign corporation has none of the foregoing officers or agents in this state, service may be made on any agent transacting business for it in this state. (3)(a) As an alternative to all of the foregoing, process may be served on the agent designated by the corporation under s. 48.091. However, if service cannot be made on a registered agent because of failure to comply with s. 48.091, service of process shall be permitted on any employee at the corporation’s principal place of business or on any employee of the registered agent. A person attempting to serve process pursuant to this paragraph may serve the process on any employee of the registered agent during the first attempt at service even if the registered agent is temporarily absent from his or her office. (b) If the address for the registered agent, officer, director, or principal place of business is a residence, a private mailbox, a virtual office, or an executive office or mini suite, service on the corporation may be made by serving the registered agent, officer, or director in accordance with s. 48.031. (4) This section does not apply to service of process on insurance companies. (5) When a corporation engages in substantial and not isolated activities within this state, or has a business office within the state and is actually engaged in the transaction of business therefrom, service upon any officer or business agent while on corporate business within this state may personally be made, pursuant to this section, and it is not necessary in such case that the action, suit, or proceeding against the corporation shall have arisen out of any transaction or operation connected with or incidental to the business being transacted within the state.

CORPORATIONS; DESIGNATION OF REGISTERED AGENT AND REGISTERED OFFICE: (1) Every Florida corporation and every foreign corporation now qualified or hereafter qualifying to transact business in this state shall designate a registered agent and registered office in accordance with part I of chapter 607. (2) Every corporation shall keep the registered office open from 10 a.m. to 12 noon each day except Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays, and shall keep one or more registered agents on whom process may be served at the office during these hours. The corporation shall keep a sign posted in the office in some conspicuous place designating the name of the corporation and the name of its registered agent on whom process may be served.

FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: Service on financial institutions must be made in accordance with s. 655.0201.

DISSOLVED CORPORATIONS: Process against the directors of any corporation which was dissolved before July 1, 1990, as trustees of the dissolved corporation shall be served on one or more of the directors of the dissolved corporation as trustees thereof and binds all of the directors of the dissolved corporation as trustees thereof. Process against any other dissolved corporation shall be served in accordance with s. 48.081.

PUBLIC AGENCIES AND OFFICERS: (1) Process against any municipal corporation, agency, board, or commission, department, or subdivision of the state or any county which has a governing board, council, or commission or which is a body corporate shall be served: (a) On the president, mayor, chair, or other head thereof; and in his or her absence; (b) On the vice president, vice mayor, or vice chair, or in the absence of all of the above; (c) On any member of the governing board, council, or commission. (2) Process against any public agency, board, commission, or department not a body corporate or having a governing board or commission shall be served on the public officer being sued or the chief executive officer of the agency, board, commission, or department. (3) In any suit in which the Department of Revenue or its successor is a party, process against the department shall be served on the executive director of the department. This procedure is to be in lieu of any other provision of general law, and shall designate said department to be the only state agency or department to be so served.

STATE: When the state has consented to be sued, process against the state shall be served on the state attorney or an assistant state attorney for the judicial circuit within which the action is brought and by sending two copies of the process by registered or certified mail to the Attorney General. The state may serve motions or pleadings within 40 days after service is made. This section is not intended to authorize the joinder of the Attorney General or a state attorney as a party in such suit or prosecution.

ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN: In every action or proceeding in any court or before any administrative board involving real, personal, or mixed property, or any interest therein, when service of process or notice is required or directed to be made upon any person, firm or corporation located, or believed to be located, within any country or territory in the possession of or under the control of any country between which and the United States a state of war exists, in addition to the giving of the notice or service of process, a copy of the notice or process shall be sent by registered or certified mail to the alien property custodian, addressed to him or her at Washington, District of Columbia; but failure to mail a copy of the notice or process to the alien property custodian does not invalidate the action or proceeding.

LABOR UNIONS: Process against labor organizations shall be served on the president or other officer, business agent, manager or person in charge of the business of such labor organization.

STATUTORY AGENTS FOR CERTAIN PERSONS: (1) When any law designates a public officer, board, agency, or commission as the agent for service of process on any person, firm, or corporation, service of process thereunder shall be made by leaving one copy of the process with the public officer, board, agency, or commission or in the office thereof, or by mailing one copy to the public officer, board, agency, or commission. The public officer, board, agency, or commission so served shall retain a record copy and promptly send the copy served, by registered or certified mail, to the person to be served as shown by his or her or its records. Proof of service on the public officer, board, agency, or commission shall be by a notice accepting the process which shall be issued by the public officer, board, agency, or commission promptly after service and filed in the court issuing the process. The notice accepting service shall state the date upon which the copy of the process was mailed by the public officer, board, agency, or commission to the person being served and the time for pleading prescribed by the rules of procedure shall run from this date. The service is valid service for all purposes on the person for whom the public officer, board, agency, or commission is statutory agent for service of process. (2) This section does not apply to substituted service of process on nonresidents. (3) The Chief Financial Officer or his or her assistant or deputy or another person in charge of the office is the agent for service of process on all insurers applying for authority to transact insurance in this state, all licensed nonresident insurance agents, all nonresident disability insurance agents licensed pursuant to s. 626.835, any unauthorized insurer under s. 626.906 or s. 626.937, domestic reciprocal insurers, fraternal benefit societies under chapter 632, warranty associations under chapter 634, prepaid limited health service organizations under chapter 636, and persons required to file statements under s. 628.461. As an alternative to service of process made by mail or personal service on the Chief Financial Officer, on his or her assistant or deputy, or on another person in charge of the office, the Department of Financial Services may create an Internet-based transmission system to accept service of process by electronic transmission of documents. (4) The Director of the Office of Financial Regulation of the Financial Services Commission is the agent for service of process for any issuer as defined in s. 517.021, or any dealer, investment adviser, or associated person registered with that office, for any violation of any provision of chapter 517. (5) The Secretary of State is the agent for service of process for any retailer, dealer or vendor who has failed to designate an agent for service of process as required under s. 212.151 for violations of chapter 212. (6)For purposes of this section, records may be retained as paper or electronic copies.

CORPORATION INCORPORATED OR DOMESTICATED: (A) If the action is against a corporation incorporated or domesticated under the laws of this state or a foreign corporation authorized to transact business in this state, to the president or other officer of such corporation or foreign corporation, a managing agent thereof, or a registered agent thereof, provided that when for any reason service cannot be had in such manner, the Secretary of State shall be an agent of such corporation or foreign corporation upon whom any process, notice, or demand may be served. Service on the Secretary of State of any such process, notice, or demand shall be made by delivering to and leaving with him or her or with any other person or persons designated by the Secretary of State to receive such service a copy of such process, notice, or demand, along with a copy of the affidavit to be submitted to the court pursuant to this Code section. The plaintiff or the plaintiff's attorney shall certify in writing to the Secretary of State that he or she has forwarded by registered mail or statutory overnight delivery such process, service, or demand to the last registered office or registered agent listed on the records of the Secretary of State, that service cannot be effected at such office, and that it therefore appears that such corporation or foreign corporation has failed either to maintain a registered office or to appoint a registered agent in this state. Further, if it appears from such certification that there is a last known address of a known officer of such corporation or foreign corporation outside this state, the plaintiff shall, in addition to and after such service upon the Secretary of State, mail or cause to be mailed to the known officer at the address by registered or certified mail or statutory overnight delivery a copy of the summons and a copy of the complaint. Any such service by certification to the Secretary of State shall be answerable not more than 30 days from the date the Secretary of State receives such certification. (B) As used in this paragraph, the term "managing agent" means a person employed by a corporation or a foreign corporation who is at an office or facility in this state and who has managerial or supervisory authority for such corporation or foreign corporation;

FOREIGN CORPORATION: (A) If the action is against a foreign corporation doing business in this state without authorization to transact business in this state that has a managing agent or against a nonresident individual, partnership, joint-stock company, or association doing business in this state that has a managing agent, to such agent, or to a registered agent designated for service of process. (B) As used in this paragraph, the term "managing agent" means a person employed by a foreign corporation doing business in this state without authorization to transact business in this state or a nonresident individual, partnership, joint-stock company, or association doing business in this state who is at an office or facility in this state and who has managerial or supervisory authority for such foreign corporation, nonresident individual, partnership, joint-stock company, or association;

MINOR: If against a minor, to the minor, personally, and also to such minor's father, mother, guardian, or duly appointed guardian ad litem unless the minor is married, in which case service shall not be made on the minor's father, mother, or guardian;

PERSON WHO IS JUDICIALLY DELARED TO BE OF UNSOUND MIND OR INCAPABLE OF CONDUCTING HIS OR HER OWN AFFAIRS: If against a person residing within this state who has been judicially declared to be of unsound mind or incapable of conducting his or her own affairs and for whom a guardian has been appointed, to the person and also to such person's guardian and, if there is no guardian appointed, then to his or her duly appointed guardian ad litem;

COUNTY, MUNICPALITY, CITY, TOWN: If against a county, municipality, city, or town, to the chairman of the board of commissioners, president of the council of trustees, mayor or city manager of the city, or to an agent authorized by appointment to receive service of process. If against any other public body or organization subject to an action, to the chief executive officer or clerk thereof;

If the principal sum involved is less than $200.00 and if reasonable efforts have been made to obtain personal service by attempting to find some person residing at the most notorious place of abode of the defendant, then by securely attaching the service copy of the complaint in a conspicuously marked and waterproof packet to the upper part of the door of the abode and on the same day mailing by certified or registered mail or statutory overnight delivery an additional copy to the defendant at his or her last known address, if any, and making an entry of this action on the return of service; or

In all other cases to the defendant personally, or by leaving copies thereof at the defendant's dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein, or by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.

INDIVIDUAL: Upon an individual other than an infant or an incompetent person, (A) by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the individual personally or in case the individual cannot be found by leaving copies thereof at the individual's dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein or (B) by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.

INFANT: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint personally (A) to the guardian of the infant's property or if there is no guardian of the infant's property or service cannot be made upon such guardian then as provided by order of the court and (B) if the infant be of the age of 16 years or over, also to the infant; and upon an incompetent person, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint personally (A) to the guardian of the incompetent's property, or if the incompetent is living in an institution then to the director or chief executive officer of the institution, or if service cannot be made upon either of them, then as provided by order of the court, and (B) unless the court otherwise orders, also to the incompetent person.

DOMESTIC OR FOREIGN CORPORATION OR PARTNERSHIP, UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATION: Upon a domestic or foreign corporation or upon a partnership or other unincorporated association which is subject to suit under a common name, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an officer, a managing or general agent, or to any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process and, if the agent is one authorized by statute to receive service and the statute so requires, by also mailing a copy to the defendant

STATE: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the attorney general of the State or to the assistant attorney general or to any deputy attorney general who has been appointed by the attorney general.

OFFICER OR AGENCY OF THE STATE BY SERVING THE STATE: Upon an officer or agency of the State by serving the State and by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to such officer or agency. If the agency is a corporation, the copies shall be delivered as provided in paragraph (3) of this subdivision of this rule.

COUNTY: Upon a county, as provided by statute or the county charter, or by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the corporation counsel or county attorney or any of his or her deputies.

OFFICER OR AGENCY OF A COUNTY BY SERVING THE COUNTY: Upon an officer or agency of a county, by serving the county and by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to such officer or agency. If the agency is a corporation the copies shall be delivered as provided in paragraph (3) of this subdivision of this rule.

Upon a defendant of any class referred to in paragraph (1) or (3) of this subdivision of this rule, it is also sufficient if the summons and complaint are served in the manner prescribed by any statute

INDIVIDUALS: Service on Individuals. An individual, other than a person under age 14 or an incompetent person, may be served doing any of the following: (A) delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the individual personally; (B) leaving a copy of each at the individual’s dwelling or usual place of abode with someone at least 18 years old who resides there; or (C) delivering a copy of each to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.

PESON UNDER AGE 14: (A) Minor. (i) Guardian Appointed. A person less than 14 years old must be served by service on the guardian, if one has been appointed. (ii) No Guardian Appointed. If there is no guardian, service may be made on a parent. If no guardian or parent can be found within the state, service may be on any person having the care and custody of the minor. (iii) Additional Service on Minor. Unless the court orders otherwise, the minor must also be served. Service must be in the manner set forth in subdivision (1) above.

INCOMPETENT PERSON: (i) Guardian Appointed in this State. An incompetent person who has been judicially declared to be of unsound mind or incapable of conducting his or her own affairs, must be served by service on the guardian if one has been appointed in this state. (ii) No Guardian Appointed in this State. If there is no guardian appointed in this state, service must be on a competent adult member of the family with whom the incompetent person resides. If the incompetent person is living in an institution, service must be on the chief executive officer of the institution. If service cannot be had on any of them, then service must be as provided by order of the court. (iii) Additional Service on Incompetent Person. Unless the court otherwise orders, service must also be made on the incompetent person. (iv) If Person to be Served is a Plaintiff. If any of the parties on whom service is directed to be made is a plaintiff, then service must be on such other person as the court designates.

CORPORATION, PARTNERSHIP, ASSOCIATION: (A) In General. Unless Idaho law provides otherwise, a domestic or foreign corporation, or a partnership or other unincorporated association that is subject to suit under a common name, must be served by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an officer, a managing or general agent, or any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process. (B) On Statutory Agent. If service is upon a statutory agent, any statutory requirement as to the number of copies of summons and complaint to be served must be followed. If the agent is a state official, service may be made by registered or certified mail, and, if the statute requires, by mailing a copy to the defendant. (C) Agent for Service Unavailable. (i) When the agent designated for service by a foreign corporation, partnership or association which has qualified in this state by filing with the Secretary of State or a domestic corporation, partnership or association is unavailable, service of the summons and complaint may be made by mailing copies of the summons and complaint by registered or certified mail to the corporation addressed to its registered place of business and to the president or secretary of the corporation at the addresses shown on the most current annual statement filed with the Secretary of State. The service is complete on mailing by registered or certified mail. The person serving the corporation under this subdivision must make a return certificate indicating compliance with this subdivision and attach a receipt of the mailing. (ii) A designated agent is unavailable for purpose of this subdivision (C) if: • no person actually residing in this state has been designated by the corporation, partnership or association for service of process; • the agent has resigned, been removed from office, died or has moved from the state; or • after due diligence neither the agent nor any officer or managing agent can be found within the state.

STATE, IT'S AGENCIES AND GOVERNMENTAL SUBDIVISIONS: (A) State of Idaho. To serve the State of Idaho or any of its agencies, a party must deliver 2 copies of the summons and complaint to the attorney general or any assistant attorney general. (B) Other Governmental Subdivisions. To serve any other governmental subdivision, municipal corporation, or quasi-municipal corporation or public board, a party must deliver a copy of the summons and complaint to its chief executive officer, secretary or clerk. (C) Additional Service Required by Statute. In all actions brought under specific statutes requiring service on specific individuals or officials, service must be made pursuant to the statute in addition to service as provided in this subdivision (4).

Admission of Service. Service may be completed by a written admission, acknowledged by the person to be served, that the person has received service of process. The admission must state the capacity in which service of process was received.

INDIVIDUALS: Sec. 2-203. Service On Individuals (a) Except as otherwise expressly provided, service of summons upon an individual defendant shall be made (1) by leaving a copy of the summons with the defendant personally, (2) by leaving a copy at the defendant's usual place of abode, with some person of the family or a person residing there, of the age of 13 years or upwards, and informing that person of the contents of the summons, provided the officer or other person making service shall also send a copy of the summons in a sealed envelope with postage fully prepaid, addressed to the defendant at his or her usual place of abode, or (3) as provided in Section 1-2-9.2 of the Illinois Municipal Code with respect to violation of an ordinance governing parking or standing of vehicles in cities with a population over 500,000. The certificate of the officer or affidavit of the person that he or she has sent the copy in pursuance of this Section is evidence that he or she has done so. No employee of a facility licensed under the Nursing Home Care Act, the Specialized Mental Health Rehabilitation Act of 2013, the ID/DD Community Care Act, or the MC/DD Act shall obstruct an officer or other person making service in compliance with this Section. An employee of a gated residential community shall grant entry into the community, including its common areas and common elements, to a process server authorized under Section 2-202 of this Code who is attempting to serve process on a defendant or witness who resides within or is known to be within the community. As used in this Section, "gated residential community" includes a condominium association, housing cooperative, or private community. (b) The officer, in his or her certificate or in a record filed and maintained in the Sheriff's office, or other person making service, in his or her affidavit or in a record filed and maintained in his or her employer's office, shall (1) identify as to sex, race, and approximate age the defendant or other person with whom the summons was left and (2) state the place where (whenever possible in terms of an exact street address) and the date and time of the day when the summons was left with the defendant or other person. (c) Any person who knowingly sets forth in the certificate or affidavit any false statement, shall be liable in civil contempt. When the court holds a person in civil contempt under this Section, it shall award such damages as it determines to be just and, when the contempt is prosecuted by a private attorney, may award reasonable attorney's fees.

INMATE: Sec. 2-203.2. Service on an inmate. For the security of a correctional institution or facility or jail, a process server may be refused entry into that correctional institution or facility or jail. Each correctional institution or facility or jail shall designate a representative to accept service from a licensed or registered private detective or agency for purposes of effectuating service upon an inmate in the custody of the institution, facility, or jail. With respect to an inmate incarcerated in an Illinois Department of Corrections facility, the process server shall contact the chief administrative officer in advance to arrange and designate the time and date, during regularly scheduled business hours, that the facility representative will meet with and accept service from the process server. Service upon a warden's or sheriff's representative shall constitute substitute service and a mailing to the inmate of the process shall be completed by the server in accordance with Section 2-202. A warden's or sheriff's representative accepting substitute service shall forward the process to the inmate, but if for any reason the process is not forwarded to the inmate, the sheriff, sheriff's representative, warden, or warden's representative shall not be responsible for any civil fine or penalty, or have other liability. If for any reason an inmate is not in the correctional institution or facility or jail at the time of the service of process, a warden's or sheriff's representative may refuse to accept service for the inmate. If it is determined after the process has been left with the designated representative, that the inmate is not present at that institution or facility or jail, the designated representative shall promptly return it to the licensed or registered private detective or agency, indicating that the substitute service could not be effectuated. The process server shall promptly notify the court of the unsuccessful service.

PRIVATE CORPORATIONS: Sec. 2-204. Service on private corporations. A private corporation may be served (1) by leaving a copy of the process with its registered agent or any officer or agent of the corporation found anywhere in the State; or (2) in any other manner now or hereafter permitted by law. A private corporation may also be notified by publication and mail in like manner and with like effect as individuals.

PARTNERSHIP AND PARTNERS: Sec. 2-205. Service on partnership and partners. (a) A partnership sued in its firm name may be served by leaving a copy of the process with any partner personally or with any agent of the partnership found anywhere in the State. A partnership sued in its firm name may also be notified by publication and mail in like manner and with like effect as individuals. (b) When a personal judgment is sought against a known partner for a partnership liability the partner may be served (1) in any manner provided for service on individuals or (2) by leaving a copy of the summons for him or her with any other partner and mailing a copy of the summons in a sealed envelope with postage prepaid, addressed to the partner against whom the judgment is sought at his or her usual place of abode as shown by an affidavit filed in the cause. The certificate of the officer or the affidavit of the other person making service that he or she has mailed the copy in pursuance of this section is evidence that he or she has done so. Service on a nonresident partner against whom a personal judgment is sought may be made by leaving a copy with any other partner, and mailing, as provided herein, only if the cause of action sued on is a partnership liability arising out of the transaction of business within the State. (c) When a personal judgment is sought against an unknown owner in an action authorized under Section 6 of "An Act in relation to the use of an assumed name in the conduct or transaction of business in this State", approved July 17, 1941, as amended, service may be made by leaving a copy of the summons with any agent of the business and publishing notice in the manner provided by Section 2-206 of this Act.

VOLUNTARY UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS: Sec. 2-205.1. Service on voluntary unincorporated associations. A voluntary unincorporated association sued in its own name may be served by leaving a copy of the process with any officer of the association personally or by leaving a copy of the process at the office of the association with an agent of the association. A voluntary unincorporated association sued in its own name may also be notified by publication and mail in like manner and with like effect as individuals.

INDIVIDUALS: In General. Service may be made upon an individual, or an individual acting in a representative capacity, by: (1) sending a copy of the summons and complaint by registered or certified mail or other public means by which a written acknowledgment of receipt may be requested and obtained to his residence, place of business or employment with return receipt requested and returned showing receipt of the letter; or (2) delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to him personally; or (3) leaving a copy of the summons and complaint at his dwelling house or usual place of abode; or (4) serving his agent as provided by rule, statute or valid agreement. (B) Copy Service to Be Followed With Mail. Whenever service is made under Clause (3) or (4) of subdivision (A), the person making the service also shall send by first class mail, a copy of the summons and the complaint to the last known address of the person being served, and this fact shall be shown upon the return.

INFANT OR INCOMPETENTS: (A) Service Upon Infants. Service upon an individual known to be an infant shall be made upon his next friend or guardian ad litem, if service is with respect to the same action in which the infant is so represented. If there is no next friend or guardian ad litem, service shall be made upon his court-appointed representative if one is known and can be served within this state. If there is no court-appointed representative, service shall be made upon either parent known to have custody of the infant, or if there is no parent, upon a person known to be standing in the position of custodian or parent. The infant shall also be served if he is fourteen [14] years of age or older. In the event that service, as provided above, is not possible, service shall be made on the infant. (B) Service Upon Incompetents. Service upon an individual who has been adjudged to be of unsound mind, otherwise incompetent or who is believed to be such shall be made upon his next friend or guardian ad litem, if service is with respect to the same action in which the incompetent is so represented. If there is no next friend or guardian ad litem, service shall be made upon his court-appointed representative if one is known and can be served within this state. If there is no court-appointed representative, then upon the named party and also upon a person known to be standing in the position of custodian of his person. (C) Duty to Inform Court--Appearance. Nothing herein is intended to affect the duty of a party to inform the court that a person is an infant or incompetent. An appearance by a court-appointed guardian, next friend or guardian ad litem or his attorney shall correct any defect in service under this section unless such defect be challenged.

INSTITUTIONALIZED PERSONS: Service of summons upon a person who is imprisoned or restrained in an institution shall be made by delivering or mailing a copy of the summons and complaint to the official in charge of the institution. It shall be the duty of said official to immediately deliver the summons and complaint to the person being served and allow him to make provisions for adequate representation by counsel. The official shall indicate upon the return whether the person has received the summons and been allowed an opportunity to retain counsel.

PERSONS IN ACTIONS FOR ACTS DONE IN THIS STATE OF HAVING AN EFFECT IN THIS STATE: (A) Acts Serving as a Basis for Jurisdiction. Any person or organization that is a nonresident of this state, a resident of this state who has left the state, or a person whose residence is unknown, submits to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state as to any action arising from the following acts committed by him or her or his or her agent: (1) doing any business in this state; (2) causing personal injury or property damage by an act or omission done within this state; (3) causing personal injury or property damage in this state by an occurrence, act or omission done outside this state if he regularly does or solicits business or engages in any other persistent course of conduct, or derives substantial revenue or benefit from goods, materials, or services used, consumed, or rendered in this state; (4) having supplied or contracted to supply services rendered or to be rendered or goods or materials furnished or to be furnished in this state; (5) owning, using, or possessing any real property or an interest in real property within this state; (6) contracting to insure or act as surety for or on behalf of any person, property or risk located within this state at the time the contract was made; (7) living in the marital relationship within the state notwithstanding subsequent departure from the state, as to all obligations for alimony, custody, child support, or property settlement, if the other party to the marital relationship continues to reside in the state; or (8) abusing, harassing, or disturbing the peace of, or violating a protective or restraining order for the protection of, any person within the state by an act or omission done in this state, or outside this state if the act or omission is part of a continuing course of conduct having an effect in this state. In addition, a court of this state may exercise jurisdiction on any basis not inconsistent with the Constitutions of this state or the United States. (B) Manner of service. A person subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state under this rule may be served with summons: (1) As provided by Rules 4.1 (service on individuals), 4.5 (service upon resident who cannot be found or served within the state), 4.6 (service upon organizations), 4.9 (in rem actions); or (2) The person shall be deemed to have appointed the Secretary of State as his agent upon whom service of summons may be made as provided in Rule 4.10. (C) More convenient forum. Jurisdiction under this rule is subject to the power of the court to order the litigation to be held elsewhere under such reasonable conditions as the court in its discretion may determine to be just. (1) Amenability to personal jurisdiction in this state and in any alternative forum of the parties to the action; In the exercise of that discretion the court may appropriately consider such factors as: (2) Convenience to the parties and witnesses of the trial in this state in any alternative forum; (3) Differences in conflict of law rules applicable in this state and in the alternative forum; or (4) Any other factors having substantial bearing upon the selection of a convenient, reasonable and fair place of trial. (D) Forum Non Conveniens--Stay or Dismissal. No stay or dismissal shall be granted due to a finding of forum non conveniens until all properly joined defendants file with the clerk of the court a written stipulation that each defendant will: (1) submit to the personal jurisdiction of the courts of the other forum; and (2) waive any defense based on the statute of limitations applicable in the other forum with respect to all causes of action brought by a party to which this subsection applies. (E) Order on Forum Non Conveniens--Modification. The court may, on motion and notice to the parties, modify an order granting a stay or dismissal under this subsection and take any further action in the proceeding as the interests of justice may require. If the moving party violates a stipulation required by subsection (D), the court shall withdraw the order staying or dismissing the action and proceed as if the order had never been issued. Notwithstanding any other law, the court shall have continuing jurisdiction for the purposes of this subsection.

RESIDENT WHO CANNOT BE FOUND OR SERVED WITHIN STATE: When the person to be served is a resident of this state who cannot be served personally or by agent in this state and either cannot be found, has concealed his whereabouts or has left the state, summons may be served in the manner provided by Rule 4.9 (summons in in rem actions).

ORGANIZATIONS: (A) Persons to be served. Service upon an organization may be made as follows: (1) In the case of a domestic or foreign organization upon an executive officer thereof, or if there is an agent appointed or deemed by law to have been appointed to receive service, then upon such agent. (2) In the case of a partnership, upon a general partner thereof. (3) In the case of a state governmental organization upon the executive officer thereof and also upon the Attorney General. (4) In the case of a local governmental organization, upon the executive thereof and upon the attorney for the local governmental organization. (5) When, in subsections (3) and (4) of this subdivision, a governmental representative is named as a party in his individual name or in such name along with his official title, then also upon such representative. (B) Manner of service. Service under subdivision (A) of this rule shall be made on the proper person in the manner provided by these rules for service upon individuals, but a person seeking service or his attorney shall not knowingly direct service to be made at the person's dwelling house or place of abode, unless such is an address furnished under the requirements of a statute or valid agreement, or unless an affidavit on or attached to the summons states that service in another manner is impractical. (C) Service at organization's office. When shown upon an affidavit or in the return, that service upon an organization cannot be made as provided in subdivision (A) or (B) of this rule, service may be made by leaving a copy of the summons and complaint at any office of such organization located within this state with the person in charge of such office.

AGENT NAMED BY STATUTE OR AGREEMENT: Whenever an agent (other than an agent appointed to receive service for a governmental organization of this state) has been designated by or pursuant to statute or valid agreement to receive service for the person being served, service may be made upon such agent as follows: (1) If the agent is a governmental organization or officer designated by or pursuant to statute, service shall be made as provided in Rule 4.10. (2) If the agent is one other than that described above, service shall be made upon him as provided in Rule 4.1 (service upon individuals) or 4.6 (service upon organizations). If service cannot be made upon such agent, because there is no address furnished as required by statute or valid agreement or his whereabouts in this state are unknown, then his principal shall be deemed to have appointed the Secretary of State as a replacement for the agent and service may be made upon the Secretary of State as provided in Rule 4.10.

ATTORNEY GENERAL: Service of a copy of the summons and complaint or any pleading upon the Attorney General under these rules or any statute shall be made by personal service upon him, a deputy or clerk at his office, or by mail or other public means to him at such office in the manner provided by Rule 4.1(A)(1), and by Rule 4.11 to the extent applicable.

IN REM ACTIONS: (A) In general. In any action involving a res situated within this state, service may be made as provided in this rule. The court may render a judgment or decree to the extent of its jurisdiction over the res. (B) Manner of service. Service under this rule may be made as follows: (1) By service of summons upon a person or his agent pursuant to these rules; or (2) By service of summons outside this state in a manner provided by Rule 4.1 (service upon individuals) or by publication outside this state in a manner provided by Rule 4.13 (service by publication) or outside this state in any other manner as provided by these rules; or (3) By service by publication pursuant to Rule 4.13.

SECRETARY OF STATE OR OTHER GOVERNMENTAL AGENT: (A) [FN1] In general. Whenever, under these rules or any statute, service is made upon the Secretary of State or any other governmental organization or officer, as agent for the person being served, service may be made upon such agent as provided in this rule. (1) The person seeking service or his attorney shall: (a) submit his request for service upon the agent in the praecipe for summons, and state that the governmental organization or officer is the agent of the person being served; (b) state the address of the person being served as filed and recorded pursuant to a statute or valid agreement, or if no such address is known, then his last known mailing address, and, if no such address is known, then such shall be stated; (c) pay any fee prescribed by statute to be forwarded together with sufficient copies of the summons, affidavit and complaint, to the agent by the clerk of the court. (2) Upon receipt thereof the agent shall promptly: (a) send to the person being served a copy of the summons and complaint by registered or certified mail or by other public means by which a written acknowledgment of receipt may be obtained; (b) complete and deliver to the clerk an affidavit showing the date of the mailing, or if there was no mailing, the reason therefor; (c) send to the clerk a copy of the return receipt along with a copy of the summons; (d) file and retain a copy of the return receipt. [FN1] This rule contains no Subd. (B).

INDIVIDUAL: 1.305(1) Upon any individual who has attained majority and who has not been adjudged incompetent, either by taking the individual’s signed, dated acknowledgment of service endorsed on the notice, or by serving the individual personally; or by serving, at the individual’s dwelling house or usual place of abode, any person residing therein who is at least 18 years old, but if such place is a rooming house, hotel, club or apartment building, a copy may be delivered to such person who resides with the individual or is either a member of the individual’s family or the manager or proprietor of such place; or upon the individual’s spouse at a place other than the individual’s dwelling house or usual place of abode if probable cause exists to believe that the spouse lives at the individual’s dwelling house or usual place of abode

MINOR: 1.305(2) Upon a minor by serving the minor’s conservator or guardian, unless the notice is served on behalf of such conservator or guardian, or the minor’s parent, or some person aged 18 years or more who has the minor’s care and custody, or with whom the minor resides, or in whose service the minor is employed. Where the notice is served on behalf of one who is the conservator or guardian and the conservator or guardian is the only person who would be available upon whom service could be made, the court shall appoint, without prior notice to the ward, a guardian ad litem who shall be served and defend for the minor.

1.305(3) Upon any person adjudged incompetent but not confined in a state hospital for the mentally ill, by serving the conservator or guardian, unless the notice is served on behalf of such conservator or guardian, or that person’s spouse, or some person aged 18 years or more who has that person’s care and custody, or with whom that person resides. When the notice is served on behalf of one who is the conservator or guardian and the conservator or guardian is the only person who would be available upon whom service could be made, the court shall appoint without prior notice to the ward a guardian ad litem who shall be served and defend for the incompetent person.

1.305(4) Any person confined in a county care facility, or in any state hospital for the mentally ill, or any patient in the State University of Iowa hospital or its psychopathic ward, or any patient or inmate of any institution in the control of a director of a division of the department of human services or department of corrections or of the United States, may be served by the official in charge of such institution or that official’s assistant. Proof of such service may be made by the certificate of such official, if the institution is in Iowa, or that official’s affidavit if it is out of Iowa.

1.305(5) If any defendant, respondent, or other party is a patient in any state or federal hospital for the mentally ill, in or out of Iowa, or has been adjudged incompetent and is confined to a county care facility, the official in charge of such institution or the official’s assistant shall accept service on the party’s behalf, if in the official’s or assistant’s opinion direct service on the party would cause injury, which shall be stated in the acceptance.

PARTNERSHIP, ASSOCIATION, CORPORTATION: 1.305(6) Upon a partnership, or an association suable under a common name, or a corporation, by serving any present or acting or last known officer thereof, or any general or managing agent, or any agent or person now authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of original notice, or on the general partner of a partnership.

1.305(7) If the action, whether against an individual, corporation, partnership or other association suable under a common name, arises out of or is connected with the business of any office or agency maintained by the defendant in a county other than where the principal resides, by serving any agent or clerk employed in such office or agency.

CITY: 1.305(8) Upon any city by serving its mayor or clerk.

COUNTY: 1.305(9) Upon any county by serving its auditor or the chair of its board of supervisors

SCHOOL DISTRICT: 1.305(10) Upon any school district, school township or school corporation by serving its president or secretary

STATE: 1.305(11) Upon the state, where made a party pursuant to statutory consent or authorization for suit in the manner provided by any applicable statute.

1.305(12) Upon any individual, corporation, partnership or association suable under a common name, either as provided in these rules, as provided by any consent to service or in accordance with any applicable statute

GOVERNMENTAL BOARD, COMMISSION, AGENCY: 1.305(13) Upon a governmental board, commission or agency, by serving its presiding officer, clerk or secretary.

1.305(14) If service cannot be made by any of the methods provided by this rule, any defendant may be served as provided by court order, consistent with due process of law

(1) Serving an attorney. If a party is represented by an attorney, service under this section must be made on the attorney unless the court orders service on the party.

(2) Service in general. A paper is served under this section by:(A) Handing it to the person; (B) leaving it: (i) At the person's office with a clerk or other person in charge, or, if no one is in charge, in a conspicuous place in the office; or (ii) if the person has no office or the office is closed, at the person's dwelling or usual place of abode with someone of suitable age and discretion who resides there;(C) mailing it to the person's last known address, in which event service is complete upon mailing; (D) leaving it with the court clerk if the person has no known address; (E) sending it by telefacsimile communication, in which event service is complete upon receipt of a confirmation generated by the transmitting machine; or (F) serving it by electronic means when authorized by supreme court rule or a local rule.

(c) Serving numerous defendants. (1) In general. If an action involves an unusually large number of defendants, the court may on motion, or on its own, order that: (A) Defendants' pleadings and replies to them need not be served on other defendants; (B) any crossclaim, counterclaim, avoidance or affirmative defense in those pleadings and replies to them will be treated as denied or avoided by all other parties; and (C) filing any such pleading and serving it on the plaintiff constitutes notice of the pleading to all parties. (2) Notifying parties. A copy of every order must be served on the parties as the court directs.

(1) A party may file with the clerk a written request for personal service or, in the case of service on an individual, for residence service. (A) Personal service is effected by delivering or offering to deliver a copy of the process and petition or other document to the person to be served. (B) Residence service on an individual is effected by leaving a copy of the process and petition or other document at the individual's dwelling or usual place of abode with someone of suitable age and discretion who resides there. (C) If personal or residence service cannot be made on an individual, other than a minor or a disabled person, service is effected by leaving a copy of the process and petition or other document at the individual's dwelling or usual place of abode and mailing to the individual by first-class mail, postage prepaid, a notice that the copy has been left at the individual's dwelling or usual place of abode.

(2) When process is to be served under this subsection, the clerk must deliver sufficient copies of the process and petition or other document to the sheriff or the county where the process is to be served or, if requested, to a person appointed to serve process or to the requesting party's attorney.

(3) Service, levy and execution of all process under this subsection, including, but not limited to, writs of execution, orders of attachment, replevin orders, orders for delivery, writs of restitution and writs of assistance, must be made by a sheriff within the sheriff's county, by the sheriff's deputy, by an attorney admitted to the practice of law in Kansas, by a person licensed as a private detective pursuant to K.S.A. 75-7b01 et seq., and amendments thereto, or by a person appointed as a process server by a judge or clerk of the district court. A subpoena may also be served by any other person who is not a party and is at least 18 years of age. Process servers should be appointed freely and may be authorized either to serve process in a single case or in cases generally during a fixed period of time. An appointed process server, an authorized attorney or a licensed private detective may make the service anywhere in or outside this state and must be allowed the fees prescribed for the sheriff in K.S.A. 28-110, and amendments thereto. The court may allow other fees and costs. A person authorized under this subsection to serve, levy or execute process is considered an "officer" as that term is used in K.S.A. 60-706 and 60-2401, and amendments thereto.

(4) In all cases when the person to be served, or an agent authorized by the person to accept service of process, refuses to receive the process, the offer of the duly authorized process server to deliver the process, and the refusal, is sufficient service of process. (e) Acknowledgment or appearance. An acknowledgment of service on the summons is equivalent to service. The voluntary appearance by a party is equivalent to service on the date of appearance. (f) Other service methods for garnishments. In addition to other methods listed in this section, a person serving a garnishment process may serve the process by any of the following methods: (1) First-class mail. Process may be sent to a person by first-class mail by placing a copy of the process and petition or other document to be served in an envelope addressed to the person to be served in accordance with K.S.A. 60-304, and amendments thereto, at the person's last known address. The envelope used for service must be addressed to the person in accordance with K.S.A. 60-304, and amendments thereto, and must contain adequate postage. The envelope must be sealed and placed in the United States mail. Service by first-class mail is complete when the envelope is placed in the mail unless it is returned undelivered. (2)Telefacsimile communication. Process may be sent to a garnishee by telefacsimile communication at a telefacsimile number designated by the garnishee. Service is complete upon receipt of a confirmation generated by the transmitting machine. (3) Internet electronic mail. Process may be sent to a garnishee by internet electronic mail at an internet electronic mail address designated by the garnishee and as provided by supreme court rules. Service is complete upon receipt of an electronic confirmation of delivery.

(1) The summons and complaint (or other initiating document) shall be served together. The initiating party shall furnish the person making service with such copies as may be necessary.

INDIVIDUAL: (2) Service shall be made upon an individual within this Commonwealth, other than an unmarried infant or person of unsound mind, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint (or other initiating document) to him personally or, if acceptance is refused by offering personal delivery to such person, or by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint (or other initiating document) to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process for such individual.

UNMARRIED INFANT, PERSON OF UNSOUND MIND: (3) Service shall be made upon an unmarried infant or a person of unsound mind by serving his resident guardian or committee if there is one known to the plaintiff or, if none, by serving either his father or mother within this state or, if none, by serving the person within this state having control of such individual. If there are no such persons enumerated above, the clerk shall appoint a practicing attorney as guardian ad litem who shall be served. If any of the persons directed by this section to be served is a plaintiff, the person who stands first in the order named who is not a plaintiff shall be served.

PARTNERSHIP, UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATION: (4) Service shall be made upon a partnership or unincorporated association subject to suit under a common name by serving a partner or managing agent of the partnership or an officer or managing agent of the association, or an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service on its behalf.

CORPORATION: (5) Service shall be made upon a corporation by serving an officer or managing agent thereof, or the chief agent in the county wherein the action is brought, or any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service on its behalf.

THE COMMONWEALTH: (6) Service shall be made upon the Commonwealth or any agency thereof by serving the attorney general or any assistant attorney general.

COUNTY: (7) Service shall be made upon a county by serving the county judge or, if he is absent from the county, the county attorney. Service shall be made upon a city by serving the chief executive officer thereof or an official attorney thereof. Service on any public board or other such body, except state agencies, shall be made by serving a member thereof.

(8) Service may be made upon an individual out of this state, other than an unmarried infant, a person of unsound mind or a prisoner, either by certified mail in the manner prescribed in Rule 4.01(1)(a) or by personal delivery of a copy of the summons and of the complaint (or other initiating document) by a person over 18 years of age. Proof of service shall be made either by the return receipt mentioned in Rule 4.01(1)(a) or by affidavit of the person making such service, upon or appended to the summons, stating the time and place of service and the fact that the individual served was personally known to him. Such service without an appearance shall not authorize a personal judgment, but for all other purposes the individual summoned shall be before the courts as in other cases of personal service.

(9) Service may be made upon a nonresident individual who transacts business through an office or agency in this state, or a resident individual who transacts business through an office or agency in any action growing out of or connected with the business of such office or agency, by serving the person in charge thereof.

If a party sought to be summoned is: (a) An individual who is a nonresident of this state and known or believed to be absent therefrom, or (b) a corporation, or a partnership or unincorporated association which is subject to suit under a common name, having no agent in this state known to the plaintiff upon whom a summons may be lawfully served, or (c) an individual who has been absent from the state for four months or who has departed therefrom with the intent to delay or defraud his creditors, or (d) an individual who has left the county of his residence to avoid the service of a summons or has so concealed himself that a summons cannot be served upon him, or (e) an individual whose name or place of residence is unknown to the plaintiff; the clerk shall forthwith, subject to the provisions of Rule 4.06, make an order upon the complaint warning the party to appear and defend the action within 50 days.

Art. 1231. Types of service; time of making Service of citation or other process may be either personal or domiciliary, and except as otherwise provided by law, each has the same effect. Service, whether personal or domiciliary, may be made at any time of day or night, including Sundays and holidays.

PERSONAL SERVICE: Personal service is made when a proper officer tenders the citation or other process to the person to be served. Art. 1233. Same; where made Personal service may be made anywhere the officer making the service may lawfully go to reach the person to be served.

DOMICILIARY SERVICE: Domiciliary service is made when a proper officer leaves the citation or other process at the dwelling house or usual place of abode of the person to be served with a person of suitable age and discretion residing in the domiciliary establishment.

REPRESENTATIVE: A. Service is made on a person who is represented by another by appointment of court, operation of law, or mandate, through personal or domiciliary service on such representative. B. Service on an attorney, as a representative of a client, is proper when the attorney's secretary is served in the attorney's office. C. For the purposes of this Article "secretary" shall be defined as the person assigned to a particular attorney and who is charged with the performance of that part of the attorney's business concerned with the keeping of records, the sending and receiving of correspondence, and the preparation and monitoring of the attorney's appointments calendar.

INCARCERTATED PERSON: A. Service is made on a person who is incarcerated in a jail or detention facility through personal service on the warden or his designee for that shift. The warden or his designee shall in turn make personal service on the person incarcerated. B. When requested by the petitioner or mover, proof of service may be made by filing in the record the affidavit of the person serving the citation and pleadings on the person who is incarcerated. C. Personal service on the person incarcerated as required by Paragraph A of this Article shall be made promptly, but in no event shall it be made later than ten days after service upon the warden or his designee. If, for reasons beyond the control of the warden, such personal service cannot be accomplished by the tenth day, then on the next day or as soon as it is apparent that such personal service cannot be accomplished, the warden or his designee shall note the inability to serve on the citation or pleadings and return the citation or pleadings to the issuing court. D. Service as provided in Paragraph A of this Article shall be deemed to be accomplished on the date of personal service shown by the affidavit specified in Paragraph B of this Article, or if no such affidavit is timely received, nor a return by the warden or his designee in Paragraph C of this Article indicating a lack of personal service, then service is deemed to be accomplished ten days after service upon the warden or his designee under Paragraph A of this Article. Acts 1991, No. 46, §1; Acts 2004, No. 744, §1.

CLERICAL EMPLOYEES OF PHYSICIANS: Service on any physician, when not a party to an action, may be made at his or her office through personal service on any clerical employee of such physician. Added by Acts 1975, No. 778, §1. Amended by Acts 1997, No. 1056, §1.

INDIVIDUAL IN MULTIPLE CAPACITIES: In cases wherein an individual is named in pleadings in more than one capacity, personal service on that individual is sufficient to constitute service of process on that individual in all capacities, including but not limited to as an individual, tutor, or a representative of a legal or quasi legal entity, when it is clear from the pleadings or service instructions the capacities in which the individual is being served. Acts 1995, No. 851, §1; Acts 1995, No. 1257, §1.

DOMESTIC OR FOREIGN CORPORATION: A. Service of citation or other process on a domestic or foreign corporation is made by personal service on any one of its agents for service of process. B. If the corporation has failed to designate an agent for service of process, if there is no registered agent by reason of death, resignation, or removal, or if the person attempting to make service certifies that he is unable, after due diligence, to serve the designated agent, service of the citation or other process may be made by any of the following methods: (1) By personal service on any officer, or director, or on any person named as such in the last report filed with the secretary of state. (2) By personal service on any employee of suitable age and discretion at any place where the business of the corporation is regularly conducted. (3) By service of process under the provisions of R.S. 13:3204, if the corporation is subject to the provisions of R.S. 13:3201. C. Service of citation or other process on a bank is made pursuant to R.S. 6:285(C). Amended by Acts 1988, No. 37, §1, eff. June 10, 1988; Acts 1991, No. 656, §2; Acts 1995, No. 859, §1; Acts 1995, No. 1257, §1. Art. 1262. Same; secretary of state If the officer making service certifies that he is unable, after diligent effort, to have service made as provided in Article 1261, then the service may be made personally on the secretary of state, or on a person in his office designated to receive service of process on corporations. The secretary of state shall forward this citation to the corporation at its last known address.

PARTNERSHIP: Service of citation or other process on a partnership is made by personal service on a partner. Service of citation or other process on a partnership in commendam is made by personal service on a general partner. When the officer certifies that he is unable, after diligent effort, to make service in this manner, he may make personal service on any employee of suitable age and discretion at any place where the business of the partnership or partnership in commendam is regularly conducted.

UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATION: Service on an unincorporated association is made by personal service on the agent appointed, if any, or in his absence, upon a managing official, at any place where the business of the association is regularly conducted. In the absence of all officials from the place where the business of the association is regularly conducted, service of citation or other process may be made by personal service upon any member of the association.

POLITICAL ENTITY, PUBLIC OFFICER: Service of citation or other process on any political subdivision, public corporation, or state, parochial or municipal board or commission is made at its office by personal service upon the chief executive officer thereof, or in his absence upon any employee thereof of suitable age and discretion. A public officer, sued as such, may be served at his office either personally, or in his absence, by service upon any of his employees of suitable age and discretion. If the political entity or public officer has no established office, then service may be made at any place where the chief executive officer of the political entity or the public officer to be served may be found.

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY: A. Service of citation or other process on a domestic or foreign limited liability company is made by personal service on any one of its agents for service of process. B. If the limited liability company has failed to designate an agent for service of process, if there is no registered agent by reason of death, resignation, or removal, or if the person attempting to make service certifies that he is unable, after due diligence, to serve the designated agent, service of the citation or other process may be made by any of the following methods: (1) Personal service on any manager if the management of the limited liability company is vested in one or more managers or if management is not so vested in managers, then on any member. (2) Personal service on any employee of suitable age and discretion at any place where the business of the limited liability company is regularly conducted. (3) Service of process under the provisions of R.S. 13:3204, if the limited liability company is subject to the provisions of R.S. 13:3201. (4) Repealed by Acts 2001, No. 407, §2. Acts 1999, No. 145, §1; Acts 2001, No. 407, §2. Art 1267. Same; service on secretary of state If the officer making service certifies that he is unable, after diligent effort, to have service made as provided in Article 1266, then the service may be made personally on the secretary of state, or on a person in his office designated to receive service of process on limited liability companies. The secretary of state shall forward this citation to the limited liability company at its last known address. Acts 2001, No. 407, §1.

INDIVIDUAL: Upon an individual other than a minor or an incompetent person, by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to the individual personally or by leaving copies thereof at the individual’s dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein or by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process, provided that if the agent is one designated by statute to receive service, such further notice as the statute requires shall be given. The court, on motion, upon a showing that service as prescribed above cannot be made with due diligence, may order service to be made pursuant to subdivision (g) of this rule.

MINOR: Upon a minor, by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service personally (a) to the minor and (b) also to the minor’s guardian if the minor has one within the state, known to the plaintiff, and if not, then to the minor’s father or mother or other person having the minor’s care or control, or with whom the minor resides, or if service cannot be made upon any of them, then as provided by order of the court

INCOMPETENT PERSON: Upon an incompetent person, by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service personally (a) to the guardian of the incompetent person or a competent adult member of the incompetent person’s family with whom the incompetent person resides, or if the incompetent person is living in an institution, then to the director or chief executive officer of the institution, or if service cannot be made upon any of them, then as provided by order of the court and (b) unless the court otherwise orders, also to the incompetent person.

COUNTY: Upon a county, by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to one of the county commissioners or their clerk or the county treasurer

TOWN: Upon a town, by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to the clerk or one of the selectmen or assessors.

CITY: Upon a city, by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to the clerk, treasurer, or manager.

UNITES STATES: Upon the United States, by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to the United States attorney for the district of Maine or to an assistant United States attorney or clerical employee designated by the United States attorney in a writing filed with the clerk of the United States District Court for the district of Maine and by sending a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service by registered or certified mail to the Attorney General of the United States at Washington, District of Columbia, and in any action attacking the validity of an order of an officer or agency of the United States not made a party, by also sending a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service by registered or certified mail to such officer or agency provided that any further notice required by statute or regulation shall also be given.

OFFICER OR AGENCY OF THE UNITED STATES: Upon an officer or agency of the United States, by serving the United States and by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to such officer or agency, provided that any further notice required by statute or regulation shall also be given. If the agency is a corporation the copy shall be delivered as provided in paragraph (8) or (9) of this subdivision of this rule.

ANY OTHER PUBLIC CORPORATION: Upon any other public corporation, by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to any officer, director, or manager thereof and upon any public body, agency or authority by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to any member thereof.

DOMESTIC PRIVATE CORPORATION: Upon a domestic private corporation (a) by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to any officer, director or general agent; or, if no such officer or agent be found, to any person in the actual employment of the corporation; or, if no such person be found, then pursuant to subdivision (g) of this Rule, provided that the plaintiff’s attorney shall also send a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to the corporation by registered or certified mail, addressed to the corporation’s principal office as reported on its latest annual return; or (b) by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to any agent or attorney in fact authorized by appointment or by statute to receive or accept service on behalf of the corporation, provided that any further notice required by the statute shall also be given.

CORPORATION ESTABLISHED UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY OTHER STATE OR COUNTRY: Upon a corporation established under the laws of any other state or country (a) by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to any officer, director or agent, or by leaving such copies at an office or place of business of the corporation within the state; or (b) by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to any agent or attorney in fact authorized by appointment or by statute to receive or accept service on behalf of the corporation, provided that any further notice required by the statute shall also be given

PARTNERSHIP: Upon a partnership subject to suit in the partnership name in any action, and upon all partners whether within or without the state in any action on a claim arising out of partnership business, (a) by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to any general partner or any managing or general agent of the partnership, or by leaving such copies at an office or place of business of the partnership within the state; or (b) by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to any agent, attorney in fact, or other person authorized by appointment or by statute to receive or accept service on behalf of the partnership, provided that any further notice required by the statute shall also be given.

STATE OF MAINE: Upon the State of Maine by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to the Attorney General of the State of Maine or one of the Attorney General’s deputies, either (a) personally or (b) by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested; and in any action attacking the validity of an order of an officer or agency of the State of Maine not made a party, by also sending a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service by ordinary mail to such officer or agency. The provisions of Rule 4(f) relating to completion of service by mail shall here apply as appropriate.

OFFICER OR AGENCY OF THE STATE OF MAINE: Upon an officer or agency of the State of Maine by the method prescribed by either paragraph (1) or (7) of this subdivision as appropriate, and by also sending a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service by ordinary mail to the Attorney General of the State of Maine.

ALL TRUSTEES OF AN EXPRESS TRUST: Upon all trustees of an express trust, whether within or without the state, in any action on a claim for relief against the trust, except an action by a beneficiary in that capacity, (a) by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to any trustee, or by leaving such copies at an office or place of business of the trust within the state; or (b) by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, and notice regarding Electronic Service to any agent or attorney in fact authorized by appointment or by statute to receive or accept service on behalf of the trust, provided that any further notice required by the statute shall also be given.

ANOTHER STATE OF THE U.S.: Upon another state of the United States, by the method prescribed by the law of that state for service of process upon it.

INDIVIDUAL: Service is made upon an individual by serving the individual or an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process for the individual.

INDIVIDUAL UNDER DISABILITY: Service is made upon an individual under disability by serving the individual and, in addition, by serving the parent, guardian, or other person having care or custody of the person or estate of the individual under disability.

CORPORATION: Service is made upon a corporation, incorporated association, or joint stock company by serving its resident agent, president, secretary, or treasurer. If the corporation, incorporated association, or joint stock company has no resident agent or if a good faith attempt to serve the resident agent, president, secretary, or treasurer has failed, service may be made by serving the manager, any director, vice president, assistant secretary, assistant treasurer, or other person expressly or impliedly authorized to receive service of process.

GENERAL PARTNERSHIP: Service made upon a general partnership sued in its group name in an action pursuant to Code, Courts Article, § 6-406 by serving any general partner.

LIMITED PARTNERSHIP: Service is made upon a limited partnership by serving its resident agent. If the limited partnership has no resident agent or if a good faith attempt to serve the resident agent has failed, service may be made upon any general partner or other person expressly or impliedly authorized to receive service of process.

LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP: Service is made upon a limited liability partnership by serving its resident agent. If the limited liability partnership has no resident agent or if a good faith attempt to serve the resident agent has failed, service may be made upon any other person expressly or impliedly authorized to receive service of process.

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY: Service is made upon a limited liability company by serving its resident agent. If the limited liability company has no resident agent or if a good faith attempt to serve the resident agent has failed, service may be made upon any member or other person expressly or impliedly authorized to receive service of process.

UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATION: Service is made upon an unincorporated association sued in its group name pursuant to Code, Courts Article, § 6-406 by serving any officer or member of its governing board. If there are no officers or if the association has no governing board, service may be made upon any member of the association.

STATE OF MARYLAND: Service is made upon the State of Maryland by serving the Attorney General or an individual designated by the Attorney General in a writing filed with the Clerk of the Court of Appeals. In any action attacking the validity of an order of an officer or agency of this State not made a party, the officer or agency shall also be served.

OFFICER OR AGENCY OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND: Service is made on an officer or agency of the State of Maryland by serving (1) the resident agent designated by the officer or agency, or (2) the Attorney General or an individual designated by the Attorney General in a writing filed with the Clerk of the Court of Appeals. If service is made on the Attorney General or a designee of the Attorney General and the officer or agency is not ordinarily represented by the Attorney General, the Attorney General or designee promptly shall forward the process and papers to the appropriate officer or agency.

LOCAL ENTITY: Service is made on a county, municipal corporation, bicounty or multicounty agency, public authority, special taxing district, or other political subdivision or unit of a political subdivision of the State by serving the resident agent designated by the local entity. If the local entity has no resident agent or if a good faith effort to serve the resident agent has failed, service may be made by serving the chief executive or presiding officer or, if none, by serving any member of the governing body.

UNITED STATES: Service is made upon the United States by serving the United States Attorney for the District of Maryland or an individual designated by the United States Attorney in a writing filed with the clerk of the court and by serving the Attorney General of the United States at Washington, District of Columbia. In any action attacking the validity of an order of an officer or agency of the United States not made a party, the officer or agency shall also be served.

OFFICER OR AGENCY OF THE UNITED STATES: Service is made upon an officer or agency of the United States, including a government corporation, by serving the United States and by serving the officer or agency.

Substituted Service Upon State Department of Assessments and Taxation. Service may be made upon a corporation, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, limited liability company, or other entity required by statute of this State to have a resident agent by serving two copies of the summons, complaint, and all other papers filed with it, together with the requisite fee, upon the State Department of Assessments and Taxation if (i) the entity has no resident agent; (ii) the resident agent is dead or is no longer at the address for service of process maintained with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation; or (iii) two good faith attempts on separate days to serve the resident agent have failed.

INDIVIDUAL: Upon an individual by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to him personally; or by leaving copies thereof at his last and usual place of abode; or by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by statute to receive service of process, provided that any further notice required by such statute be given. If the person authorized to serve process makes return that after diligent search he can find neither the defendant, nor defendant's last and usual abode, nor any agent upon whom service may be made in compliance with this subsection, the court may on application of the plaintiff issue an order of notice in the manner and form prescribed by law.

DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN CORPORATION: Upon a domestic corporation (public or private), a foreign corporation subject to suit within the Commonwealth, or an unincorporated association subject to suit within the Commonwealth under a common name: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an officer, to a managing or general agent, or to the person in charge of the business at the principal place of business thereof within the Commonwealth, if any; or by delivering such copies to any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process, provided that any further notice required by law be given. If the person authorized to serve process makes return that after diligent search he can find no person upon whom service can be made, the court may on application of the plaintiff issue an order of notice in the manner and form prescribed by law.

COMMONWEALTH OR ANY AGENCY THEROF: Upon the Commonwealth or any agency thereof by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the Boston office of the Attorney General of the Commonwealth, and, in the case of any agency, to its office or to its chairman or one of its members or its secretary or clerk. Service hereunder may be effected by mailing such copies to the Attorney General and to the agency by certified or registered mail.

COUNTY, CITY, TOWN, OR OTHER POLITICAL SUBDIVISION OF THE COMMONWEALTH: Upon a county, city, town or other political subdivision of the Commonwealth subject to suit, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the treasurer or the clerk thereof; or by leaving such copies at the office of the treasurer or the clerk thereof with the person then in charge thereof; or by mailing such copies to the treasurer or the clerk thereof by registered or certified mail.

AUTHORITY, BOARD, COMMITTEE, OR ENTITY: Upon an authority, board, committee, or similar entity, subject to suit under a common name, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the chairman or other chief executive officer; or by leaving such copies at the office of the said entity with the person then in charge thereof; or by mailing such copies to such officer by registered or certified mail.

In any action in which the validity of an order of an officer or agency of the Commonwealth is in any way brought into question, the party questioning the validity shall forthwith forward to the Attorney General of the Commonwealth by hand or by registered or certified mail a brief statement indicating the order questioned.

INDIVIDUALS: (A) Individuals. Process may be served on a resident or nonresident individual by (1) delivering a summons and a copy of the complaint to the defendant personally; or (2) sending a summons and a copy of the complaint by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, and delivery restricted to the addressee. Service is made when the defendant acknowledges receipt of the mail. A copy of the return receipt signed by the defendant must be attached to proof showing service under subrule (A)(2).

INDIVIDUALS SUBSTITUTE SERVICE: (B) Individuals; Substituted Service. Service of process may be made (1) on a nonresident individual, by (a) serving a summons and a copy of the complaint in Michigan on an agent, employee, representative, sales representative, or servant of the defendant, and (b) sending a summons and a copy of the complaint by registered mail addressed to the defendant at his or her last known address; (2) on a minor, by serving a summons and a copy of the complaint on a person having care and control of the minor and with whom he or she resides; (3) on a defendant for whom a guardian or conservator has been appointed and is acting, by serving a summons and a copy of the complaint on the guardian or conservator; (4) on an individual doing business under an assumed name, by (a) serving a summons and copy of the complaint on the person in charge of an office or business establishment of the individual, and (b) sending a summons and a copy of the complaint by registered mail addressed to the individual at his or her usual residence or last known address.

PARTNERSHIPS: Service of process on a partnership or limited partnership may be made by (1) serving a summons and a copy of the complaint on any general partner or agent for service of process; or (2) serving a summons and a copy of the complaint on the person in charge of a partnership office or business establishment and sending a summons and a copy of the complaint by registered mail, addressed to a general partner or agent for service of process at his or her usual residence or last known address.

PRIVATE CORPORATIONS, DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN: Service of process on a domestic or foreign corporation may be made by (1) serving a summons and a copy of the complaint on an officer or the resident agent; (2) serving a summons and a copy of the complaint on a director, trustee, or person in charge of an office or business establishment of the corporation and sending a summons and a copy of the complaint by registered mail, addressed to the principal office of the corporation; (3) serving a summons and a copy of the complaint on the last presiding officer, president, cashier, secretary, or treasurer of a corporation that has ceased to do business by failing to keep up its organization by the appointment of officers or otherwise, or whose term of existence has expired; (4) sending a summons and a copy of the complaint by registered mail to the corporation or an appropriate corporation officer and to the Michigan Bureau of Commercial Services, Corporation Division if (a) the corporation has failed to appoint and maintain a resident agent or to file a certificate of that appointment as required by law; (b) the corporation has failed to keep up its organization by the appointment of officers or otherwise; or (c) the corporation's term of existence has expired.

PARTNERSHIP ASSOCIATIONS; UNINCOPORATED VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS: Service of process on a partnership association or an unincorporated voluntary association may be made by (1) serving a summons and a copy of the complaint on an officer, director, trustee, agent, or person in charge of an office or business establishment of the association, and (2) sending a summons and a copy of the complaint by registered mail, addressed to an office of the association. If an office cannot be located, a summons and a copy of the complaint may be sent by registered mail to a member of the association other than the person on whom the summons and complaint was served.

SERVICE ON INSURER: To the extent that it is permitted by statute, service on an insurer may be satisfied by providing two summonses and a copy of the complaint to the Commissioner of the Office of Financial and Insurance Regulation via delivery or registered mail.

PUBLIC CORPORATIONS: Service of process on a public, municipal, quasi-municipal, or governmental corporation, unincorporated board, or public body may be made by serving a summons and a copy of the complaint on: (1) the chairperson of the board of commissioners or the county clerk of a county; (2) the mayor, the city clerk, or the city attorney of a city; (3) the president, the clerk, or a trustee of a village; (4) the supervisor or the township clerk of a township; (5) the president, the secretary, or the treasurer of a school district; (6) the president or the secretary of the Michigan State Board of Education; (7) the president, the secretary, or other member of the governing body of a corporate body or an unincorporated board having control of a state institution; (8) the president, the chairperson, the secretary, the manager, or the clerk of any other public body organized or existing under the constitution or laws of Michigan, when no other method of service is specially provided by statute. The service of process may be made on an officer having substantially the same duties as those named or described above, irrespective of title. In any case, service may be made by serving a summons and a copy of the complaint on a person in charge of the office of an officer on whom service may be made and sending a summons and a copy of the complaint by registered mail addressed to the officer at his or her office.

AGENT AUTHORIZED BY APPOINTMENT OR BY LAW: (1) Service of process on a defendant may be made by serving a summons and a copy of the complaint on an agent authorized by written appointment or by law to receive service of process. (2) Whenever, pursuant to statute or court rule, service of process is to be made on a nongovernmental defendant by service on a public officer, service on the public officer may be made by registered mail addressed to his or her office.

INDIVIDUAL: Upon an individual by delivering a copy to the individual personally or by leaving a copy at the individual's usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein. If the individual has, pursuant to statute, consented to any other method of service or appointed an agent to receive service of summons, or if a statute designates a state official to receive service of summons, service may be made in the manner provided by such statute. If the individual is confined to a state institution, by serving also the chief executive officer at the institution. If the individual is an infant under the age of 14 years, by serving also the individual's father or mother, and if neither is within the state, then a resident guardian if the infant has one known to the plaintiff, and if the infant has none, then the person having control of such defendant, or with whom the infant resides, or by whom the infant is employed.

PARTNERSHIPS AND ASSOCIATIONS: Upon a partnership or association which is subject to suit under a common name, by delivering a copy to a member or the managing agent of the partnership or association. If the partnership or association has, pursuant to statute, consented to any other method of service or appointed an agent to receive service of summons, or if a statute designates a state official to receive service of summons, service may be made in the manner provided by such statute.

CORPORATION: Upon a domestic or foreign corporation, by delivering a copy to an officer or managing agent, or to any other agent authorized expressly or impliedly or designated by statute to receive service of summons, and if the agent is one authorized or designated under statute to receive service any statutory provision for the manner of such service shall be complied with. In the case of a transportation or express corporation, the summons may be served by delivering a copy to any ticket, freight, or soliciting agent found in the county in which the action is brought, and if such corporation is a foreign corporation and has no such agent in the county in which the plaintiff elects to bring the action, then upon any such agent of the corporation within the state

STATE: Upon the state by delivering a copy to the attorney general, a deputy attorney general or an assistant attorney general.

PUBLIC CORPORATION: Upon a municipal or other public corporation by delivering a copy (1) To the chair of the county board or to the county auditor of a defendant county; (2) To the chief executive officer or to the clerk of a defendant city, village or borough; (3) To the chair of the town board or to the clerk of a defendant town; (4) To any member of the board or other governing body of a defendant school district; or (5) To any member of the board or other governing body of a defendant public board or public body not hereinabove enumerated. If service cannot be made as provided in this Rule 4.03(e), the court may direct the manner of such service.

INDIVIDUAL: ) Upon an individual other than an unmarried infant or a mentally incompetent person, (A) by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to him personally or to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process; or (B) ifservice under subparagraph (1)(A) of this subdivision cannot be made with reasonable diligence, by leaving a copy of the summons and complaint at the defendant’s usual place of abode with the defendant’s spouse or some other person of the defendant’s family above the age of sixteen years who is willing to receive service, and by thereafter mailing a copy of the summons and complaint (by first class mail, postage prepaid) to the person to be served at the place where a copy of the summons and of the complaint were left. Service of a summons in this manner is deemed complete on the 10th day after such mailing

UNMARRIED INFANT: (A) upon an unmarried infant by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to any one of the following: the infant’s mother, father, legal guardian (of either the person or the estate), or the person having care of such infant or with whom he lives, and if the infant be 12 years of age or older, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to both the infant and the appropriate person as designated above.

MENTALLY INCOMPETENT PERSON NOT JUDICIALLY CONFINED: (B) upon a mentally incompetent person who is not judicially confined to an institution for the mentally ill or mentally deficient or upon any other person who by reason of advanced age, physical incapacity or mental weakness is incapable of managing his own estate by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to such person and by delivering copies to his guardian (of either the person or the estate) or conservator (of either the person or the estate) but if such person has no guardian or conservator, then by delivering copies to him and copies to a person with whom he lives or to a person who cares for him.

MENTALLY INCOMPETENT PERSON JUDICIALLY CONFINED: upon a mentally incompetent person who is judicially confined in an institution for the mentally ill or mentally retarded by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the incompetent person and by delivering copies to said incompetent’s guardian (of either the person or the estate) if any he has. If the superintendent of said institution or similar official or person shall certify by certificate endorsed on or attached to the summons that said incompetent is mentally incapable of responding to process, service of summons and complaint on such incompetent shall not be required. Where said confined incompetent has neither guardian nor conservator, the court shall appoint a guardian ad litem for said incompetent to whom copies shall be delivered. (D) where service of a summons is required under (A), (B) and (C) of this subparagraph to be made upon a person other than the infant, incompetent, or incapable defendant and such person is a plaintiff in the action or has an interest therein adverse to that of said defendant, then such person shall be deemed not to exist for the purpose of service and the requirement of service in (A), (B) and (C) of this subparagraph shall not be met by service upon such person. (E) if none of the persons required to be served in (A) and (B) above exist other than the infant, incompetent or incapable defendant, then the court shall appoint a guardian ad litem for an infant defendant under the age of 12 years and may appoint a guardian ad litem for such other defendant to whom a copy of the summons and complaint shall be delivered. Delivery of a copy of the summons and complaint to such guardian ad litem shall not dispense with delivery of copies to the infant, incompetent or incapable defendant where specifically required in (A), and (B) of this subparagraph.

INDIVIDUAL CONFINED TO A PENAL INSTITUTION OF THIS STATE: Upon an individual confined to a penal institution of this state or of a subdivision of this state by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the individual, except that when the individual to be served is an unmarried infant or mentally incompetent person the provisions of subparagraph (d)(2) of this rule shall be followed.

DOMESTIC OR FEIGN CORPORATION, PARTNERSHIP, OTHER UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATION: Upon a domestic or foreign corporation or upon a partnership or other unincorporated association which is subject to suit under a common name, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an officer, a managing or general agent, or to any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI: ) Upon the State of Mississippi or any one of its departments, officers or institutions, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the Attorney General of the State of Mississippi.

COUNTY: Upon a county by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the president or clerk of the board of supervisors.

MUNCIPAL CORPORATION: Upon a municipal corporation by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the mayor or municipal clerk of said municipal corporation.

ANY GOVERNMENTAL ENTITY NOT MENTIONED ABOVE: Upon any governmental entity not mentioned above, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the person, officer, group or body responsible for the administration of that entity or by serving the appropriate legal officer, if any, representing the entity. Service upon any person who is a member of the “group” or “body” responsible for the administration of the entity shall be sufficient.

INDIVIDUAL: Upon an individual, including an infant or incompetent person not having a legally appointed guardian, by delivering a copy of the summons and petition personally to the individual or by leaving a copy of the summons and petition at the individual's dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of the individual's family over the age of fifteen years, or by delivering a copy of the summons and petition to an agent authorized by appointment or required by law to receive service of process.

CONSERVATOR: Upon an infant or disabled or incapacitated person who has a legally appointed conservator, by delivering a copy of the summons and petition to the conservator as provided in Rule 54.13(b)(1).

CORPORATION, PARTNERSHIP, OR OTHER UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATION: Upon a domestic or foreign corporation or upon a partnership or other unincorporated association, when it may be sued as such, by delivering a copy of the summons and petition to an officer, partner, or managing or general agent, or by leaving the copies at any business office of the defendant with the person having charge thereof or by delivering copies to its registered agent or to any other agent authorized by appointment or required by law to receive service of process.

PUBLIC OR QUASI-PUBLIC CORPORATION OR BODY: Upon a public, municipal, governmental or quasi-public corporation or body, by delivering a copy of the summons and petition to the clerk of the county commission in the case of a county, to the mayor or city clerk or city attorney in the case of a city, to the chief executive officer in the case of any public, municipal, governmental or quasi-public corporation or body or to any person otherwise lawfully so designated. If no person above specified is available for service, the court out of which the process issued may designate an appropriate person to whom copies of the summons and petition may be delivered in order to effect service.

(a) Definition of Person. As used in this rule, the word "person," whether or not a citizen of this state, a resident of this state, or organized under the laws of this state, includes: (1) an individual, whether operating in the individual's own name or under a trade name; (2) an individual's agent or personal representative; (3) a corporation; (4) a limited liability company; (5) a business trust; (6) an estate; (7) a trust; (8) a partnership; (9) an unincorporated association; (10) any two or more persons having a joint or common interest or any other legal or commercial entity; and (11) any other organization given legal status as such under the laws of this state.

INDIVIDUAL: (e) Serving an Individual. An individual -- other than a minor or an incompetent person -- must be served by either: (1) delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the individual personally; or (2) delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or law to receive service of process. If the agent is one designated by statute to receive service, such further notice as the statute requires must be given.

MINOR OVER 14 YEARS: Serving a Minor over the Age of 14 Years. A minor over the age of 14 years must be served by either: (1) delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the minor personally and leaving a copy thereof at the minor's usual place of abode with some adult of suitable discretion also residing therein; or (2) delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.

MINOR UNDER 14 YEARS: (g) Serving a Minor under the Age of 14 Years. A minor under the age of 14 years may be served by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the minor's guardian within Montana. If the minor does not have a guardian within Montana, service of process must be delivered to any of the following: (1) the minor's father; (2) the minor's mother; (3) another person or agency having the minor's care, control, or with whom the minor resides; or (4) another person or agency as provided by court order.

INCOMPETENT PERSON: (h) Serving an Incompetent Person.(1) An incompetent person who has been adjudged of unsound mind by a Montana court or for whom a guardian has been appointed in Montana by reason of incompetency may be served by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the person's guardian, if such guardian resides in Montana, was appointed under Montana law, and is acting under Montana law. If there be no such guardian, the court must appoint a guardian ad litem for the incompetent person. (2) When a party is alleged to be of unsound mind, but has not been so adjudged by a Montana court, process may be served personally upon that party. (3) The court may also stay any action pending against a person on learning that such person is of unsound mind.

BUSINESS OR NONPROFIT ENTITY: (i) Serving a Business or Nonprofit Entity. (1) For the purposes of this Rule, a business or nonprofit entity includes the following: (A)a corporation; (B)a limited liability company; (C)a partnership;(D) any other unincorporated association; and (E) any business entity that has filed with the office of the secretary of state. Service is available under this rule for a domestic business or nonprofit entity, as well as a foreign business or nonprofit entity that either: (A) has a place of business in Montana; (B) does business in Montana permanently or temporarily; or (C) was doing business in Montana permanently or temporarily at the time the claim for relief accrued. (3) A business or nonprofit entity must be served by either: (A) delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to: (i) an officer; (ii) a director; (iii) a manager; (iv) a member of a member-managed limited liability company; (v) a superintendent (vi) a managing agent; (vii) a general agent; or (viii) a partner; (B) leaving copies of the summons and complaint at the office or place of business within Montana with the person in charge of such office; (C) delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the registered agent named on the records of the secretary of state; (D) delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to any other agent or attorney in fact authorized by appointment or by statute to receive or accept service on behalf of the business or nonprofit entity, provided that if the agent or attorney in fact is designated by statute to receive service, further notice as required by the statute must also be given; or (E) if the suit is against a business or nonprofit entity whose charter or right to do business in Montana has expired or been forfeited, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to its trustees or stockholders or members.

CORPORATION, LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY: (j) Serving a Corporation or Limited Liability Company When Persons Designated Under Rule 4(i) Cannot Be Found Within Montana. (1) This Rule applies when none of the persons designated in Rule 4(i) can be found within Montana with the exercise of due diligence, and a claim for relief is pending in any Montana court against the following: (A) a corporation or limited liability company that has filed a copy of its charter in the office of the Montana secretary of state and is qualified to do business in Montana; (B) a corporation or limited liability company which is subject to the jurisdiction of Montana courts under Rule 4(b), even though it has never qualified to do business in Montana; or (C) a national banking corporation which, through insolvency or lapse of charter, has ceased to do business in Montana. (2) The party causing summons to be issued shall exercise reasonable diligence to ascertain the last known address of any person designated under Rule 4(i). (3) If, after exercising reasonable diligence, the party causing summons to be issued is unable to accomplish service, the following must be filed with the clerk of the court in which the claim for relief is pending: (A) an affidavit reciting that none of the persons designated in Rule 4(i) can be found within Montana, as well as a recitation of either: (i) the last known address of any person designated under Rule 4(i); or (ii) a statement that no address for any person designated under Rule 4(i) could be found after the exercise of reasonable diligence; and (B) $20 deposited with the clerk to be paid to the secretary of state as a fee for each defendant for whom the secretary of state is to receive service. When service is requested at more than one address, an additional $20 must be paid for each party to be served at each additional address. (4) An affidavit filed pursuant to Rule 4(j)(3)(A) reciting that diligent inquiry was made is sufficient evidence of the diligence of inquiry. The affidavit need not detail the facts constituting such inquiry. The affidavit may also be combined in the same instrument with the affidavit required under Rules 4(o)(3)(A)(ii) and 4(p), should an affidavit under these Rules be required. (5) Upon receiving the necessary affidavit and fees as required under Rule 4(j)(3), the clerk of court must: (A) issue an order directing process to be served upon the Montana secretary of state or, in the secretary of state's absence, upon the Montana deputy secretary of state; and (B) mail to the secretary of state at the office of the secretary of state: (i) the original summons; (ii) one copy of the summons and affidavit for the files of the secretary of state; (iii) one copy of the summons attached to a copy of the complaint for each of the defendants to be served by service upon the secretary of state; and (iv) the fee for service. (6) (A) Upon receiving the materials required under Rule 4(j)(5)(B), the secretary of state must mail a copy of the summons and complaint by certified mail, return receipt requested, either: (i) to the last known address of any of the persons designated in Rule 4(i); or (ii) if the corporation or liability company is not organized in Montana and no address for a person designated under Rule 4(i) is known, to the secretary of state of the state in which the corporation or limited liability company was originally incorporated, if known. (B) The secretary of state must also make a return as provided in Rule 4(p). (7) Service made in accordance with this Rule is deemed personal service on the corporation or limited liability company and the secretary of state, or a deputy in the absence of the secretary of state, is thereby appointed agent of the corporation or limited liability company for service of process. (8) (A) If a person designated in Rule 4(i) is located and served personally as provided by this Rule, service is deemed complete upon the corporation or limited liability company regardless of the receipt of any return receipt or advice by the postal authority of refusal of the addressee to receive the process mailed. (B) If a person designated in Rule 4(i) is not located or served personally as provided by this Rule, service by publication must also be made as provided in Rules 4(c)(2)(D) and 4(o)(4). Such publication must first be made within 60 days from the date the original summons is mailed to the secretary of state. If such first publication is not made, the action shall be deemed dismissed as to any corporation or limited liability company intended to be served by such publication. Service by publication in accordance with this Rule is complete upon the date of the last publication of summons.(9) When service of process is made in accordance with this Rule, and there is no appearance thereafter made by any attorney for such corporation or limited liability company, service of all other notices required by law to be served in such action may be served upon the secretary of state.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENTITY: (k) Serving a Local Government Entity. (1) For purposes of this Rule, a local government entity includes the following: (A) a city; (B) a village; (C) a town; (D) a school district; (E) a county; or (F) a public agency or board of any such entity. (2) A local government entity must be served by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to any of the following: (A) a commissioner; (B) a trustee; (C) a board member; (D) a mayor; or (E) a head of the legislative department thereof. Whenever an officer or employee of the local government entity is sued in an individual capacity for an act or omission occurring in connection with duties performed on the local government entity's behalf (whether or not the officer or employee is also sued in an official capacity), a party must serve the local government entity and also serve the officer or employee under Rules 4(e), 4(f), 4(g), 4(h), or 4(n).

STATE: (l) Serving the State. The state, as well as any state board or agency, must be served by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the attorney general and any other party prescribed by statute. Whenever an officer or employee of the state is sued in an individual capacity for an act or omission occurring in connection with duties performed on the state's behalf (whether or not the officer or employee is also sued in an official capacity), a party must serve the state and also serve the officer or employee under Rules 4(e), 4(f), 4(g), 4(h), or 4(n).

ESTATE OR TRUST: (m) Serving an Estate or Trust. (1) An estate must be served by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the personal representative. (2) A trust must be served by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to any of the trustees.

INDIVIDUAL: (1) An individual party, other than a person under the age of fourteen years, may be served by personal, residence, certified mail, or designated delivery service. (2) A party under the age of fourteen years may be served by personal, residence, certified mail, or designated delivery service upon an adult person with whom the minor resides and who is the minor's parent or guardian or the person having care of the minor. If none of these can be found, a party under the age of fourteen years may be served by personal service. (3) If the person to be served is an incapacitated person for whom a conservator or guardian has been appointed or is confined in any institution, notice of the service shall be given to the conservator or guardian or the superintendent or similar official of the institution. Failure to give such notice does not affect the validity of the service on the incapacitated person.

CORPORATION: A corporation may be served by personal, residence, certified mail, or designated delivery service upon any officer, director, managing agent, or registered agent, or by leaving the process at the corporation's registered office with a person employed therein, or by certified mail or designated delivery service to the corporation's registered office.

STATE OR POLITICAL SUBDIVISION: (1) The State of Nebraska, any state agency as defined in section 81-8,210, and any employee of the state as defined in section 81-8,210 sued in an official capacity may be served by leaving the summons at the office of the Attorney General with the Attorney General, deputy attorney general, or someone designated in writing by the Attorney General, or by certified mail or designated delivery service addressed to the office of the Attorney General. (2) Any county, city, or village of this state may be served by personal, residence, certified mail, or designated delivery service upon the chief executive officer or clerk. (3) Any political subdivision of this state, as defined in subdivision (1) of section 13-903, other than a county, city, or village, may be served by personal, residence, certified mail, or designated delivery service upon the chief executive officer, clerk, secretary, or other official whose duty it is to maintain the official records, or any member of the governing board or body, or by certified mail or designated delivery service to the principal office of the political subdivision.

EMPLOYEE OF THE STATE: Any employee of the state, as defined in section 81-8,210, sued in an individual capacity for an act or omission occurring in connection with duties performed on the state's behalf, regardless of whether the employee is also sued in an official capacity, must be served by serving the employee under section 25-508.01 and also by serving the state under section 25-510.02.

DISSOLVED CORPORATION: A dissolved corporation may be served by personal, residence, certified mail, or designated delivery service upon any appointed receiver. If there is no receiver, a dissolved corporation may be served by personal, residence, certified mail, or designated delivery service upon any person who at the time of dissolution was an officer, director, managing agent, or registered agent, or upon any officer or director designated in the last annual report filed with the Secretary of State.

PARTNERSHIP: A partnership or limited partnership may be served by personal, residence, certified mail, or designated delivery service upon any partner except a limited partner, or by certified mail or designated delivery service at its usual place of business, or the process may be left at its usual place of business with an employee of the partnership or limited partnership.

UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATION: An unincorporated association may be served by personal, residence, certified mail, or designated delivery service upon an officer or managing agent, or by certified mail or designated delivery service to the association at its usual place of business, or by leaving the process at its usual place of business with an employee of the unincorporated association.

AGENT: Any party may be served by personal, residence, certified mail, or designated delivery service upon an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.

INDIVIDUAL: (a) Serving an Individual.  Unless otherwise provided by these rules, service may be made on an individual: (1) by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the individual personally; (2) by leaving a copy of the summons and complaint at the individual’s dwelling or usual place of abode with a person of suitable age and discretion who currently resides therein and is not an adverse party to the individual being served; or (3) by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.

MINORS AND INCAPACITATED PERSONS: (1) Minors. A minor must be served by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint: (A) if the minor is 14 years of age or older, to the minor; and (B) to one of the following persons: (i) if a guardian or similar fiduciary has been appointed for the minor, to the fiduciary under Rule 4.2(a), (c), or (d), as appropriate for the type of fiduciary; (ii) if a fiduciary has not been appointed, to the minor’s parent under Rule 4.2(a); or (iii) if neither a fiduciary nor a parent can be found with reasonable diligence: (a) to an adult having the care or control of the minor under Rule 4.2(a); or (b) to a person of suitable age and discretion with whom the minor resides.  Incapacitated Persons.  An incapacitated person must be served by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint: (A) to the incapacitated person; and (B) to one of the following persons: (i) if a guardian or similar fiduciary has been appointed for the incapacitated person, to the fiduciary under Rule 4.2(a), (c), or (d), as appropriate for the type of fiduciary; or (ii) if a fiduciary has not been appointed: (a) to a person of suitable age and discretion with whom the incapacitated person resides; (b) if the incapacitated person is living in a facility, to the facility under Rule 4.2, as appropriate for the type of facility; or (c) to another person as provided by court order.

ENTITIES AND ASSOCIATIONS: (1) Entities and Associations in Nevada. (A) An entity or association that is formed under the laws of this state, is registered to do business in this state, or has appointed a registered agent in this state, may be served by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to: (i) the registered agent of the entity or association; (ii) any officer or director of a corporation; (iii) any partner of a general partnership; (iv) any general partner of a limited partnership;(v) any member of a member-managed limited-liability company; (vi) any manager of a manager-managed limited-liability company; (vii) any trustee of a business trust; (viii) any officer or director of a miscellaneous organization mentioned in NRS Chapter 81; (ix) any managing or general agent of any entity or association; or (x) any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process. (B) If an agent is one authorized by statute and the statute so requires, a copy of the summons and complaint must also be mailed to the defendant entity or association at its last-known address.

OTHER FOREIGN ENTITIES AND ASSOCIATIONS:A foreign entity or association that cannot be served under Rule 4.2(c)(1) may be served by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to any officer, director, partner, member, manager, trustee, or agent identified in Rule 4.2(c)(1) that is located within this state.

NEVADA SECRETARY OF STATE: (A) If, for any reason, service on an entity or association required to appoint a registered agent in this state or to register to do business in this state cannot be made under Rule 4.2(c)(1) or (2), then the plaintiff may seek leave of court to serve the Nevada Secretary of State in the entity’s or association’s stead by filing with the court an affidavit: (i) setting forth the facts demonstrating the plaintiff’s good faith attempts to locate and serve the entity or association; (ii) explaining the reasons why service on the entity or association cannot be made; and (iii) stating the last-known address of the entity or association or of any person listed in Rule 4.2(c)(1), if any. (B) Upon court approval, service may be made by: (i) delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the Nevada Secretary of State or his or her deputy; and (ii) posting a copy of the summons and complaint in the office of the clerk of the court in which such action is brought or pending. C) If the plaintiff is aware of the last-known address of any person listed in Rule 4.2(c)(1), the plaintiff must also mail a copy of the summons and complaint to each such person at the person’s last-known address by registered or certified mail. The court may also order additional notice to be sent under Rule 4.4(d) if the plaintiff is aware of other contact information of the entity or association or of any person listed in Rule 4.2(c)(1). (D) Unless otherwise ordered by the court, service under Rule 4.2(c)(3) may not be used as a substitute in place of serving, under Rule 4.3(a), an entity or association through a person listed in Rule 4.2(c)(1) whose address is known but who lives outside this state. (E) The defendant entity or association must serve a responsive pleading within 21 days after the later of: (i) the date of service on the Nevada Secretary of State and posting with the clerk of the court; or (ii) the date of the first mailing of the summons and complaint to the last-known address of any person listed in Rule 4.2(c)(1).

LOCAL OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES: Any current or former public officer or employee of any county, city, town, or other political subdivision of the State, or any public entity of such a political subdivision, who is sued in his or her official capacity or his or her individual capacity for an act or omission relating to his or her public duties or employment must be served by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the current or former public officer or employee, or an agent designated by him or her to receive service of process.

STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS: A party suing the State, its public entities or political subdivisions, or their current or former officers and employees must also comply with any statutory requirements for service of the summons and complaint.

510:2 Manner. – All writs and other processes shall be served by giving to the defendant or leaving at his abode an attested copy thereof, except in cases otherwise provided for.

510:6 Scire Facias. – A writ of scire facias may be served, in case the defendant is not an inhabitant of the state, on the attorney who appeared for him in the original action or as otherwise provided in RSA 510:4.

510:10 Defendant County, Etc. – Service of writs against counties may be made upon one of the county commissioners and the treasurer for the county; against cities, upon the mayor or one of the aldermen and the city clerk, or in a city where the city manager is chief administrative officer and the head of the administrative branch of the city government, upon the city manager and the city clerk; against towns, upon one of the selectmen and the town clerk; against school districts, upon one of the members of the school board and the clerk of the district; and against village districts, upon one of the commissioners and the clerk of the district.

510:11 Service on Inhabitant, When. – If any of the offices specified in RSA 510:10 is vacant, the service otherwise to be made upon the incumbent of such office may be made instead upon one of the principal inhabitants of the county, city, town or district.

510:12 On Town Clerk. – Whenever service of process or attachment is required to be made by leaving a copy at the abode of a town or city clerk, it shall be deemed sufficient service if the copy is left at his office, in case he has an office separate from his dwelling house.

510:13 Associations. – Service of writs or other process against unincorporated associations, joint stock companies, limited liability companies, syndicates, orders or any mutual association of persons, other than a partnership having not more than 4 members, within this state may, except when otherwise provided, be made upon any officer thereof, or, if it has no officer, then upon any 2 members thereof.

510:14 Corporations. – Service of writs against other corporations may be made upon the clerk, treasurer, cashier, or one of the directors, trustees or managers, if any, in the state, and otherwise upon any principal member or stockholder, or upon any agent, overseer or other person having the care of any of the property or charge of any of the business of the corporation.

510:15 Railroads. – Service of writs against a railroad corporation may be made upon any person doing the business of the corporation as ticket master for the sale of passenger tickets at any station upon its railroad.

510:16 Manufacturing Corporations. – Service of a writ against a manufacturing corporation may be made by leaving an attested copy of the writ at the office or countingroom of the corporation.

510:17 Trustee Process Return. – In the return of service of trustee process against a corporation, the officer shall set forth the hour when the copy was given or left.

INDIVIDUAL: (1) Upon a competent individual of the age of 14 or over, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the individual personally, or by leaving a copy thereof at the individual's dwelling place or usual place of abode with a competent member of the household of the age of 14 or over then residing therein, or by delivering a copy thereof to a person authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process on the individual's behalf;

MINOR: (2) Upon a minor under the age of 14, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint personally to a parent or the guardian of the minor's person or to a competent adult member of the household with whom the minor resides;

MENTALLY INCAPACITATED PERSON: (3) Upon a mentally incapacitated person, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint personally to the guardian of the person of the mentally incapacitated individual or to a competent adult member of the household with whom the mentally incapacitated person resides, or if the mentally incapacitated person resides in an institution, to the director or chief executive officer thereof;

(4) Upon individual proprietors and real property owners, provided the action arises out of a business in which the individual is engaged within this State or out of any real property or interest in real property in this State owned by the individual, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the individual if competent, or, whether or not the individual proprietor or property owner is competent, to a managing or general agent employed by the individual in such business or for the management of such real property, or if service cannot be made in that manner, then by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to any employee or agent of the individual within this State acting in the discharge of his or her duties in connection with the business or the management of the real property;

PARTNERSHIPS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS: (5) Upon partnerships and unincorporated associations subject to suit under a recognized name, by serving a copy of the summons and complaint in the manner prescribed by paragraph (a)(1) of this rule on an officer or managing agent or, in the case of a partnership, a general partner;

CORPORATION: (6) Upon a corporation, by serving a copy of the summons and complaint in the manner prescribed by paragraph (a)(1) of this rule on any officer, director, trustee or managing or general agent, or any person authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process on behalf of the corporation, or on a person at the registered office of the corporation in charge thereof, or, if service cannot be made on any of those persons, then on a person at the principal place of business of the corporation in this State in charge thereof, or if there is no place of business in this State, then on any employee of the corporation within this State acting in the discharge of his or her duties, provided, however, that a foreign corporation may be served only as herein prescribed subject to due process of law;

STATE OF NEW JERSEY: (7) Upon the State of New Jersey, by registered, certified or ordinary mail of a copy of the summons and complaint or by personal delivery of a copy of the summons and complaint to the Attorney General or to the Attorney General's designee named in a writing filed with the Clerk of the Superior Court. No default shall be entered for failure to appear unless personal service has been made under this paragraph. In an action under N.J.S.A. 2A:45-1 et seq. (lien or encumbrance held by the State), the notice in lieu of summons shall be in the form, manner and substance prescribed by N.J.S.A. 2A:45-2, and shall be served, together with a copy of the complaint, on the Attorney General or designee as herein provided, but if the lien or encumbrance arises by reason of a recognizance entered into in connection with any proceeding in the Superior Court or any criminal judgment rendered in such court, the notice, together with a copy of the complaint, shall be served on the county prosecutor or the prosecutor's designee named in a writing filed with the Clerk of the Superior Court;

PUBLIC BODIES: (8) Upon other public bodies, by serving a copy of the summons and complaint in the manner prescribed by paragraph (a)(1) of this rule on the presiding officer or on the clerk or secretary thereof;

(9) Upon a junior judgment creditor defendant in a foreclosure action, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint via mail to the last known address or by publication when the last known address cannot be ascertained after diligent inquiry.

The foregoing subparagraphs (a)(1) through (a)(9) notwithstanding, in personam jurisdiction may be obtained by mail under the circumstances and in the manner provided by R.4:4-3.

(1) Process shall be served in a manner reasonably calculated, under all the circumstances, to apprise the defendant of the existence and pendency of the action and to afford a reasonable opportunity to appear and defend. (2) Service may be made, subject to the restrictions and requirements of this rule, by the methods authorized by this rule or in the manner provided for by any applicable statute, to the extent that the statute does not conflict with this rule. (3) Service may be made by mail or commercial courier service provided that the envelope is addressed to the named defendant and further provided that the defendant or a person authorized by appointment, by law or by this rule to accept service of process upon the defendant signs a receipt for the envelope or package containing the summons and complaint, writ or other process. Service by mail or commercial courier service shall be complete on the date the receipt is signed as provided by this subparagraph. For purposes of this rule "signs" includes the electronic representation of a signature.

INDIVIDUAL: F. Process; personal service upon an individual. Personal service of process shall be made upon an individual by delivering a copy of a summons and complaint or other process: (1) (a) to the individual personally; or if the individual refuses to accept service, by leaving the process at the location where the individual has been found; and if the individual refuses to receive such copies or permit them to be left, such action shall constitute valid service; or (b) by mail or commercial courier service as provided in Subparagraph (3) of Paragraph E of this rule. (2) If, after the plaintiff attempts service of process by either of the methods of service provided by Subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, the defendant has not signed for or accepted service, service may be made by delivering a copy of the process to some person residing at the usual place of abode of the defendant who is over the age of fifteen (15) years and mailing by first class mail to the defendant at the defendant's last known mailing address a copy of the process; or (3) If service is not accomplished in accordance with Subparagraphs (1) and (2), then service of process may be made by delivering a copy of the process at the actual place of business or employment of the defendant to the person apparently in charge thereof and by mailing a copy of the summons and complaint by first class mail to the defendant at the defendant's last known mailing address and at the defendant's actual place of business or employment.

COPORATION OR OTHER BUSINESS ENTITY: (1) Service may be made upon: (a) a domestic or foreign corporation, a limited liability company or an equivalent business entity by serving a copy of the process to an officer, a managing or a general agent or to any other agent authorized by appointment, by law or by this rule to receive service of process. If the agent is one authorized by statute to receive service and the statute so requires, by also mailing a copy to the defendant; (b) a partnership by serving a copy of the process to any general partner; (c) an unincorporated association which is subject to suit under a common name, by serving a copy of the process to an officer, a managing or general agent or to any other agent authorized by appointment, by law or by this rule to receive service of process. If the agent is one authorized by law to receive service and the statute so requires, by also mailing a copy to the unincorporated association. (2) If a person described in Subparagraph (a), (b) or (c) of this subparagraph refuses to accept the process, tendering service as provided in this paragraph shall constitute valid service. If none of the persons mentioned is available, service may be made by delivering a copy of the process or other papers to be served at the principal office or place of business during regular business hours to the person in charge. (3) Service may be made on a person or entity described in Subparagraph (1) of this paragraph by mail or commercial courier service in the manner provided in Subparagraph (3) of Paragraph E of this rule.

STATE OR POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS: H.Process; service upon state and political subdivisions. (1) Service may be made upon the State of New Mexico or a political subdivision of the state: (a) in any action in which the state is named a party defendant, by delivering a copy of the process to the governor and to the attorney general; (b) in any action in which a branch, agency, bureau, department, commission or institution of the state is named a party defendant, by delivering a copy of the process to the head of the branch, agency, bureau, department, commission or institution and to the attorney general; (c) in any action in which an officer, official, or employee of the state or one of its branches, agencies, bureaus, departments, commissions or institutions is named a party defendant, by delivering a copy of the process to the officer, official or employee and to the attorney general; (d) in garnishment actions, service of writs of garnishment shall be made on the department of finance and administration, on the attorney general and on the head of the branch, agency, bureau, department, commission or institution. A copy of the writ of garnishment shall be delivered or served on the defendant employee in the manner and priority provided in Paragraph F of this rule; (e) service of process on the governor, attorney general, agency, bureau, department, commission or institution may be made either by serving a copy of the process to the governor, attorney general or the chief operating officer of an entity listed in this subparagraph or to the receptionist of the state officer. A cabinet secretary, a department, bureau, agency or commission director or an executive secretary shall be considered as the chief operating officer; (f) upon any county by serving a copy of the process to the county clerk; (g) upon a municipal corporation by serving a copy of the process to the city clerk, town clerk or village clerk; (h) upon a school district or school board by serving a copy of the process to the superintendent of the district; (i) upon the board of trustees of any land grant referred to in Sections 49-1-1 through 49-10-6 NMSA 1978, process shall be served upon the president or in the president's absence upon the secretary of such board. (2) Service may be made on a person or entity described in Subparagraph (1) of this paragraph by mail or commercial courier service in the manner provided in Subparagraph (3) of Paragraph E of this rule.

MINOR, INCOMPETENT PERSON, GUARDIAN, FIDUCIARY: (1) Service shall be made: (a) upon a minor, if there is a conservator of the estate or guardian of the minor, by serving a copy of the process to the conservator or guardian in the manner and priority provided in Paragraph F, G or J of this rule as may be appropriate. If no conservator or guardian has been appointed for the minor, service shall be made on the minor by serving a copy of the process on each person who has legal authority over the minor. If no person has legal authority over the minor, process may be served on a person designated by the court. (b) upon an incompetent person, if there is a conservator of the estate or guardian of the incompetent person, by serving a copy of the process to the conservator or guardian in the manner and priority provided by Paragraph F of this rule. If the incompetent person does not have a conservator or guardian, process may be served on a person designated by the court. (2) Service upon a personal representative, guardian, conservator, trustee or other fiduciary in the same manner and priority for service as provided in Paragraphs F, G or J of this rule as may be appropriate.

STATE: 307. Personal service upon the state. 1. Personal service upon the state shall be made by delivering the summons to an assistant attorney-general at an office of the attorney-general or to the attorney-general within the state. 2. Personal service on a state officer sued solely in an official capacity or state agency, which shall be required to obtain personal jurisdiction over such an officer or agency, shall be made by (1) delivering the summons to such officer or to the chief executive officer of such agency or to a person designated by such chief executive officer to receive service, or (2) by mailing the summons by certified mail, return receipt requested, to such officer or to the chief executive officer of such agency, and by personal service upon the state in the manner provided by subdivision one of this section. Service by certified mail shall not be complete until the summons is received in a principal office of the agency and until personal service upon the state in the manner provided by subdivision one of this section is completed. For purposes of this subdivision, the term "principal office of the agency" shall mean the location at which the office of the chief executive officer of the agency is generally located. Service by certified mail shall not be effective unless the front of the envelope bears the legend "URGENT LEGAL MAIL" in capital letters. The chief executive officer of every such agency shall designate at least one person, in addition to himself or herself, to accept personal service on behalf of the agency. For purposes of this subdivision the term state agency shall be deemed to refer to any agency, board, bureau, commission, division, tribunal or other entity which constitutes the state for purposes of service under subdivision one of this section.

NATURAL PERSON: 308. Personal service upon a natural person. Personal service upon a natural person shall be made by any of the following methods: 1. by delivering the summons within the state to the person to be served; or 2. by delivering the summons within the state to a person of suitable age and discretion at the actual place of business, dwelling place or usual place of abode of the person to be served and by either mailing the summons to the person to be served at his or her last known residence or by mailing the summons by first class mail to the person to be served at his or her actual place of business in an envelope bearing the legend "personal and confidential" and not indicating on the outside thereof, by return address or otherwise, that the communication is from an attorney or concerns an action against the person to be served, such delivery and mailing to be effected within twenty days of each other; proof of such service shall be filed with the clerk of the court designated in the summons within twenty days of either such delivery or mailing, whichever is effected later; service shall be complete ten days after such filing; proof of service shall identify such person of suitable age and discretion and state the date, time and place of service, except in matrimonial actions where service hereunder may be made pursuant to an order made in accordance with the provisions of subdivision a of section two hundred thirty-two of the domestic relations law; or 3. by delivering the summons within the state to the agent for service of the person to be served as designated under rule 318, except in matrimonial actions where service hereunder may be made pursuant to an order made in accordance with the provisions of subdivision a of section two hundred thirty-two of the domestic relations law; 4. where service under paragraphs one and two cannot be made with due diligence, by affixing the summons to the door of either the actual place of business, dwelling place or usual place of abode within the state of the person to be served and by either mailing the summons to such person at his or her last known residence or by mailing the summons by first class mail to the person to be served at his or her actual place of business in an envelope bearing the legend "personal and confidential" and not indicating on the outside thereof, by return address or otherwise, that the communication is from an attorney or concerns an action against the person to be served, such affixing and mailing to be effected within twenty days of each other; proof of such service shall be filed with the clerk of the court designated in the summons within twenty days of either such affixing or mailing, whichever is effected later; service shall be complete ten days after such filing, except in matrimonial actions where service hereunder may be made pursuant to an order made in accordance with the provisions of subdivision a of section two hundred thirty-two of the domestic relations law; 5. in such manner as the court, upon motion without notice, directs, if service is impracticable under paragraphs one, two and four of this section. 6. For purposes of this section, "actual place of business" shall include any location that the defendant, through regular solicitation or advertisement, has held out as its place of business.

INFANT, INCOMPETENT, OR CONSERVATEE: 309. Personal service upon an infant, incompetent or conservatee. (a) Upon an infant. Personal service upon an infant shall be made by personally serving the summons within the state upon a parent or any guardian or any person having legal custody or, if the infant is married, upon an adult spouse with whom the infant resides, or, if none are within the state, upon any other person with whom he resides, or by whom he is employed. If the infant is of the age of fourteen years or over, the summons shall also be personally served upon him within the state. (b) Upon a person judicially declared to be incompetent. Personal service upon a person judicially declared to be incompetent to manage his affairs and for whom a committee has been appointed shall be made by personally serving the summons within the state upon the committee and upon the incompetent, but the court may dispense with service upon the incompetent. (c) Upon a conservatee. Personal service on a person for whom a conservator has been appointed shall be made by personally serving the summons within the state upon the conservator and upon the conservatee, but the court may dispense with service upon the conservatee.

PARTNERSHIP: 310. Personal service upon a partnership. (a) Personal service upon persons conducting a business as a partnership may be made by personally serving the summons upon any one of them. (b) Personal service upon said partnership may also be made within the state by delivering the summons to the managing or general agent of the partnership or the person in charge of the office of the partnership within the state at such office and by either mailing the summons to the partner thereof intended to be served by first class mail to his last known residence or to the place of business of the partnership. Proof of such service shall be filed within twenty days with the clerk of the court designated in the summons; service shall be complete ten days after such filing; proof of service shall identify the person to whom the summons was so delivered and state the date, time of day and place of service. (c) Where service under subdivisions (a) and (b) of this section cannot be made with due diligence, it may be made by affixing a copy of the summons to the door of the actual place of business of the partnership within the state and by either mailing the summons by first class mail to the partner intended to be so served to such person to his last known residence or to said person at the office of said partnership within the state. Proof of such service shall be filed within twenty days thereafter with the clerk of the court designated in the summons; service shall be complete ten days after filing. (d) Personal service on such partnership may also be made by delivering the summons to any other agent or employee of the partnership authorized by appointment to receive service; or to any other person designated by the partnership to receive process in writing, filed in the office of the clerk of the county wherein such partnership is located. (e) If service is impracticable under subdivisions (a), (b) and (c) of this section, it may be made in such manner as the court, upon motion without notice directs.

LIMITED PARTNERSHIP: 310-a. Personal service upon a limited partnership. (a) Personal service upon any domestic or foreign limited partnership shall be made by delivering a copy personally to any managing or general agent or general partner of the limited partnership in this state, to any other agent or employee of the limited partnership authorized by appointment to receive service or to any other person designated by the limited partnership to receive process, in the manner provided by law for service of summons, as if such person was the defendant. Personal service upon a limited partnership subject to the provisions of article eight-A of the partnership law may also be made pursuant to section 121-109 of such law. (b) If service is impracticable under subdivision (a) of this section, it may be made in such manner as the court, upon motion without notice, directs. (c) A limited liability partnership may also be served pursuant to section 121-1505 of the partnership law.

CORPORATION OR GOVERNMENTAL SUBDIVISION: 311. Personal service upon a corporation or governmental subdivision. (a) Personal service upon a corporation or governmental subdivision shall be made by delivering the summons as follows: 1. upon any domestic or foreign corporation, to an officer, director, managing or general agent, or cashier or assistant cashier or to any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service. A business corporation may also be served pursuant to section three hundred six or three hundred seven of the business corporation law. A not-for-profit corporation may also be served pursuant to section three hundred six or three hundred seven of the not-for-profit corporation law; 2. upon the city of New York, to the corporation counsel or to any person designated to receive process in a writing filed in the office of the clerk of New York county; 3. upon any other city, to the mayor, comptroller, treasurer, counsel or clerk; or, if the city lacks such officers, to an officer performing a corresponding function under another name; 4. upon a county, to the chair or clerk of the board of supervisors, clerk, attorney or treasurer; 5. upon a town, to the supervisor or the clerk; 6. upon a village, to the mayor, clerk, or any trustee; 7. upon a school district, to a school officer, as defined in the education law; and 8. upon a park, sewage or other district, to the clerk, any trustee or any member of the board. (b) If service upon a domestic or foreign corporation within the one hundred twenty days allowed by section three hundred six-b of this article is impracticable under paragraph one of subdivision (a) of this section or any other law, service upon the corporation may be made in such manner, and proof of service may take such form, as the court, upon motion without notice, directs.

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES: 311-a. Personal service on limited liability companies. (a) Service of process on any domestic or foreign limited liability company shall be made by delivering a copy personally to (i) any member of the limited liability company in this state, if the management of the limited liability company is vested in its members, (ii) any manager of the limited liability company in this state, if the management of the limited liability company is vested in one or more managers, (iii) to any other agent authorized by appointment to receive process, or (iv) to any other person designated by the limited liability company to receive process, in the manner provided by law for service of a summons as if such person was a defendant. Service of process upon a limited liability company may also be made pursuant to article three of the limited liability company law. (b) If service is impracticable under subdivision (a) of this section, it may be made in such manner as the court, upon motion without notice, directs.

COURT, BOARD OR COMMISSION: 312. Personal service upon a court, board or commission. Personal service upon a court consisting of three or more judges may be made by delivering the summons to any one of them. Personal service upon a board or commission having a chairman or other presiding officer, secretary or clerk, by whatever official title he is called, may be made by delivering the summons to him. Personal service upon a board or commission of a town or village may also be made by delivering the summons to the clerk of the town or village. Personal service upon any other board or commission shall be made by delivering the summons to any one of the members.

NATURAL PERSON: In any action commenced in a court of this State having jurisdiction of the subject matter and grounds for personal jurisdiction as provided in G.S. 1-75.4, the manner of service of process within or without the State shall be as follows: a. By delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the natural person or by leaving copies thereof at the defendant's dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein. b. By delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to be served or to accept service of process or by serving process upon such agent or the party in a manner specified by any statute. c. By mailing a copy of the summons and of the complaint, registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the party to be served, and delivering to the addressee. d. By depositing with a designated delivery service authorized pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7502(f)(2) a copy of the summons and complaint, addressed to the party to be served, delivering to the addressee, and obtaining a delivery receipt. As used in this sub-subdivision, "delivery receipt" includes an electronic or facsimile receipt. e. By mailing a copy of the summons and of the complaint by signature confirmation as provided by the United States Postal Service, addressed to the party to be served, and delivering to the addressee.

NATURAL PERSON UNDER DISABILITY: Upon a natural person under disability by serving process in any manner prescribed in this section (j) for service upon a natural person and, in addition, where required by paragraph a or b below, upon a person therein designated. a. Where the person under disability is a minor, process shall be served separately in any manner prescribed for service upon a natural person upon a parent or guardian having custody of the child, or if there be none, upon any other person having the care and control of the child. If there is no parent, guardian, or other person having care and control of the child when service is made upon the child, then service of process must also be made upon a guardian ad litem who has been appointed pursuant to Rule 17. b. If the plaintiff actually knows that a person under disability is under guardianship of any kind, process shall be served separately upon his guardian in any manner applicable and appropriate under this section (j). If the plaintiff does not actually know that a guardian has been appointed when service is made upon a person known to him to be incompetent to have charge of his affairs, then service of process must be made upon a guardian ad litem who has been appointed pursuant to Rule 17

STATE: Upon the State by personally delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the Attorney General or to a deputy or assistant attorney general; by mailing a copy of the summons and of the complaint, registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the Attorney General or to a deputy or assistant attorney general; or by depositing with a designated delivery service authorized pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7502(f)(2) a copy of the summons and complaint, addressed to the Attorney General or to a deputy or assistant attorney general, delivering to the addressee, and obtaining a delivery receipt. As used in this subdivision, "delivery receipt" includes an electronic or facsimile receipt.

AGENCY OF THE STATE: a. Upon an agency of the State by personally delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the process agent appointed by the agency in the manner hereinafter provided; by mailing a copy of the summons and of the complaint, registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to said process agent; or by depositing with a designated delivery service authorized pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7502(f)(2) a copy of the summons and complaint, addressed to the process agent, delivering to the addressee, and obtaining a delivery receipt. As used in this sub-subdivision, "delivery receipt" includes an electronic or facsimile receipt. b. Every agency of the State shall appoint a process agent by filing with the Attorney General the name and address of an agent upon whom process may be served. c. If any agency of the State fails to comply with paragraph b above, then service upon such agency may be made by personally delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the Attorney General or to a deputy or assistant attorney general; by mailing a copy of the summons and of the complaint, registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the Attorney General, or to a deputy or assistant attorney general; or by depositing with a designated delivery service authorized pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7502(f)(2) a copy of the summons and complaint, addressed to the Attorney General or to a deputy or assistant attorney general, delivering to the addressee, and obtaining a delivery receipt. As used in this sub-subdivision, "delivery receipt" includes an electronic or facsimile receipt. d. For purposes of this rule, the term "agency of the State" includes every agency, institution, board, commission, bureau, department, division, council, member of Council of State, or officer of the State government of the State of North Carolina, but does not include counties, cities, towns, villages, other municipal corporations or political subdivisions of the State, county or city boards of education, other local public districts, units, or bodies of any kind, or private corporations created by act of the General Assembly.

COUNTIES, CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES, OTHER LOCAL PUBLIC BODIES: a. Upon a city, town, or village by personally delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to its mayor, city manager or clerk; by mailing a copy of the summons and of the complaint, registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to its mayor, city manager or clerk; or by depositing with a designated delivery service authorized pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7502(f)(2) a copy of the summons and complaint, addressed to the mayor, city manager, or clerk, delivering to the addressee, and obtaining a delivery receipt. As used in this sub-subdivision, "delivery receipt" includes an electronic or facsimile receipt. b. Upon a county by personally delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to its county manager or to the chairman, clerk or any member of the board of commissioners for such county; by mailing a copy of the summons and of the complaint, registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to its county manager or to the chairman, clerk, or any member of this board of commissioners for such county; or by depositing with a designated delivery service authorized pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7502(f)(2) a copy of the summons and complaint, addressed to the county manager or to the chairman, clerk, or any member of the board of commissioners of that county, delivering to the addressee, and obtaining a delivery receipt. As used in this sub-subdivision, "delivery receipt" includes an electronic or facsimile receipt. c. Upon any other political subdivision of the State, any county or city board of education, or other local public district, unit, or body of any kind (i) by personally delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an officer or director thereof, (ii) by personally delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an agent or attorney-in-fact authorized by appointment or by statute to be served or to accept service in its behalf, (iii) by mailing a copy of the summons and of the complaint, registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the officer, director, agent, or attorney-in-fact as specified in (i) and (ii), or (iv) by depositing with a designated delivery service authorized pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7502(f)(2) a copy of the summons and complaint, addressed to the officer, director, agent, or attorney-in-fact as specified in (i) and (ii), delivering to the addressee, and obtaining a delivery receipt. As used in this sub-subdivision, "delivery receipt" includes an electronic or facsimile receipt. d. In any case where none of the officials, officers or directors specified in paragraphs a, b and c can, after due diligence, be found in the State, and that fact appears by affidavit to the satisfaction of the court, or a judge thereof, such court or judge may grant an order that service upon the party sought to be served may be made by personally delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the Attorney General or any deputy or assistant attorney general of the State of North Carolina; by mailing a copy of the summons and of the complaint, registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the Attorney General or any deputy or assistant attorney general of the State of North Carolina; or by depositing with a designated delivery service authorized pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7502(f)(2) a copy of the summons and complaint, addressed to the Attorney General or any deputy or assistant attorney general of the State of North Carolina, delivering to the addressee, and obtaining a delivery receipt. As used in this sub-subdivision, "delivery receipt" includes an electronic or facsimile receipt.

DOMESTIC OR FOREIGN CORPORATION: – Upon a domestic or foreign corporation by one of the following: by one of the following: a. By delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an officer, director, or managing agent of the corporation or by leaving copies thereof in the office of such officer, director, or managing agent with the person who is apparently in charge of the office. b. By delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to be served or to accept service of process or by serving process upon such agent or the party in a manner specified by any statute. c. By mailing a copy of the summons and of the complaint, registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the officer, director or agent to be served as specified in paragraphs a and b. d. By depositing with a designated delivery service authorized pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7502(f)(2) a copy of the summons and complaint, addressed to the officer, director, or agent to be served as specified in paragraphs a. and b., delivering to the addressee, and obtaining a delivery receipt. As used in this sub-subdivision, "delivery receipt" includes an electronic or facsimile receipt.

PARTNERSHIPS: – Upon a general or limited partnership: a. By delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to any general partner, or to any attorney-in-fact or agent authorized by appointment or by law to be served or to accept service of process in its behalf; by mailing a copy of the summons and of the complaint, registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to any general partner, or to any attorney-in-fact or agent authorized by appointment or by law to be served or to accept service of process in its behalf; or by depositing with a designated delivery service authorized pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7502(f)(2) a copy of the summons and complaint, addressed to any general partner or to any attorney-in-fact or agent authorized by appointment or by law to be served or to accept service of process in its behalf, delivering to the addressee, and obtaining a delivery receipt; or by leaving copies thereof in the office of such general partner, attorney-in-fact or agent with the person who is apparently in charge of the office. As used in this sub-subdivision, "delivery receipt" includes an electronic or facsimile receipt. b. If relief is sought against a partner specifically, a copy of the summons and of the complaint must be served on such partner as provided in this section (j).

OTHER UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS AND THEIR OFFICERS: Upon any unincorporated association, organization, or society other than a partnership by one of the following: a. By delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an officer, director, managing agent or member of the governing body of the unincorporated association, organization or society, or by leaving copies thereof in the office of such officer, director, managing agent or member of the governing body with the person who is apparently in charge of the office. b. By delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to be served or to accept service of process or by serving process upon such agent or the party in a manner specified by any statute. c. By mailing a copy of the summons and of the complaint, registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the officer, director, agent or member of the governing body to be served as specified in paragraphs a and b. d. By depositing with a designated delivery service authorized pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7502(f)(2) a copy of the summons and complaint, addressed to the officer, director, agent, or member of the governing body to be served as specified in paragraphs a. and b., delivering to the addressee, and obtaining a delivery receipt. As used in this sub-subdivision, "delivery receipt" includes an electronic or facsimile receipt.

FOREIGN STATES AND THEIR POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS, AGENCIES AND INSTRUMENTALITIES: Upon a foreign state or a political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1608.

INDIVIDUAL: (A) Serving an Individual Fourteen Years of Age and Older. Service must be made on an individual 14 or more years of age by: (i) delivering a copy of the summons to the individual personally; (ii) leaving a copy of the summons at the individual's dwelling or usual place of residence in the presence of a person of suitable age and discretion who resides there. (iii) delivering, at the office of the process server, a copy of the summons to the individual's spouse if the spouses reside together; (iv) delivering a copy of the summons to the individual's agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process; or (v) any form of mail or third-party commercial delivery addressed to the individual to be served and requiring a signed receipt and resulting in delivery to that individual.

INDIVIDUAL UNDER AGE OF 14: (B) Serving an Individual Under the Age of Fourteen. Service must be made on an individual under the age of 14 by delivering a copy of the summons to: (i) the individual's guardian, if the individual has one within the state; (ii) the individual's parent or any person or agency having the individual's care or control, or with whom the individual resides, if the individual does not have a guardian within the state; or (iii) the person designated by court order, if service cannot be made under (i) or (ii).

INCOMPETENT INDIVIDUAL OR APPOINTED GUARDIAN: (C) Serving an Incompetent Individual or Appointed Guardian. Service must be made on an individual who has been judicially adjudged incompetent or for whom a guardian of the individual's person or estate has been appointed in this state, by delivering a copy of the summons to the individual's guardian. If a general guardian and a guardian ad litem have been appointed, both must be served.

CORPORATION: (D) Serving a Corporation, Partnership, or Association. Service must be made on a domestic or foreign corporation or on a partnership or other unincorporated association, by: (i) delivering a copy of the summons to an officer, director, superintendent or managing or general agent, or partner, or associate, or to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process on its behalf, or to one who acted as an agent for the defendant with respect to the matter on which the plaintiff's claim is based and who was an agent of the defendant at the time of service; (ii) if the sheriff's return indicates no person upon whom service may be made can be found in the county, then service may be made by leaving a copy of the summons at any office of the domestic or foreign corporation, partnership, or unincorporated association within this state with the person in charge of the office; or (iii) any form of mail or third-party commercial delivery addressed to any of the foregoing persons and requiring a signed receipt and resulting in delivery to that person.

MUNCIPAL OR PUBLIC CORPORATION: (E) Serving a Municipal or Public Corporation. Service must be made on a city, township, school district, park district, county, or any other municipal or public corporation, by delivering a copy of the summons to any member of its governing board.

STATE AND ITS AGENCIES: (i) State. Service must be made on the state by delivering a copy of the summons to the governor or attorney general or an assistant attorney general. (ii) State Agency. Service must be made on an agency of the state, such as the Bank of North Dakota or the North Dakota Mill and Elevator Association, by delivering a copy of the summons to the managing head of the agency or to the attorney general or an assistant attorney general.

AGENT NOT AUTHORIZED TO RECEIVE PROCESS: (G) Serving an Agent Not Authorized to Receive Process. If service is made on an agent who is not expressly authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process on behalf of the defendant, a copy of the summons and complaint must be mailed or delivered via a third-party commercial carrier to the defendant with return receipt requested not later than ten days after service by depositing a copy of the summons and complaint, with postage or shipping prepaid, in a post office or with a commercial carrier in this state and directed to the defendant to be served at the defendant's last reasonably ascertainable address.

INDIVIDUAL: Upon an individual, other than a person under sixteen years of age or an incompetent person, by serving the individual;

UNDER 16 YOA: Upon a person under sixteen years of age by serving either the person’s guardian or any one of the following persons with whom the person to be served lives or resides: a parent or the individual having the care of the person; or by serving the person if the person neither has a guardian nor lives or resides with a parent or a person having his or her care;

INCOMPETENT PERSON: Upon an incompetent person by serving either the incompetent's guardian or the person designated in division (E) of this rule, but if no guardian has been appointed and the incompetent is not under confinement or commitment, by serving the incompetent;

INDIVIDUAL CONFINED TO A PENAL INSTITUTION IN THE STATE: Upon an individual confined to a penal institution of this state or of a subdivision of this state by serving the individual, except that when the individual to be served is a person under sixteen years of age, the provisions of division (B) of this rule shall be applicable;

INCOMPETENT PERSON CONFINED IN ANY INSTITUTION: Upon an incompetent person who is confined in any institution for the mentally ill or mentally deficient or committed by order of court to the custody of some other institution or person by serving the superintendent or similar official of the institution to which the incompetent is confined or committed or the person to whose custody the incompetent is committed;

CORPORATION, DOMESTIC OR FOREIGN: Upon a corporation either domestic or foreign: by serving the agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process; or by serving the corporation at any of its usual places of business by a method authorized under Civ.R. 4.1(A)(1); or by serving an officer or a managing or general agent of the corporation;

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY: Upon a limited liability company by serving the agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process; or by serving the limited liability company at any of its usual places of business by a method authorized under Civ.R. 4.1(A)(1); or by serving a manager or member;

PARTNERSHIP: Upon a partnership, a limited partnership, or a limited partnership association by serving the entity at any of its usual places of business by a method authorized under Civ.R. 4.1(A)(1) or by serving a partner, limited partner, manager, or member;

UNINCORPORTATED ASSOCIATION: Upon an unincorporated association by serving it in its entity name at any of its usual places of business by a method authorized under Civ.R. 4.1(A)(1); or by serving an officer of the unincorporated association;

PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION: Upon a professional association by serving the association in its corporate name at the place where the corporate offices are maintained by a method authorized under Civ.R. 4.1(A)(1); or by serving a shareholder;

STATE OR ANY OF ITS DEPARTMENTS: Upon this state or any one of its departments, offices and institutions as defined in division (C) of section 121.01 of the Revised Code, by serving the officer responsible for the administration of the department, office or institution or by serving the attorney general of this state;

COUNTY, OR UPON ANY OF ITS OFFICES: Upon a county or upon any of its offices, agencies, districts, departments, institutions or administrative units, by serving the officer responsible for the administration of the office, agency, district, department, institution or unit or by serving the prosecuting attorney of the county;

TOWNSHIP: Upon a township by serving one or more of the township trustees or the township clerk or by serving the prosecuting attorney of the county in which the township is located, unless the township is organized under Chapter 504. of the Revised Code, in which case service may be made upon the township law director;

MUNCIAP CORPORATIONS OR ANY OF ITS OFFICES: Upon a municipal corporation or upon any of its offices, departments, agencies, authorities, institutions or administrative units by serving the officer responsible for the administration of the office, department, agency, authority, institution or unit or by serving the city solicitor or comparable legal officer;

GOVERNEMENTAL ENTITY NOT MENTIONED ABOVE: Upon any governmental entity not mentioned above by serving the person, officer, group or body responsible for the administration of that entity or by serving the appropriate legal officer, if any, representing the entity. Service upon any person who is a member of the "group" or "body" responsible for the administration of the entity shall be sufficient.

Service shall be made as follows: (1) upon an individual other than an infant who is less than fifteen (15) years of age or an incompetent person, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the petition personally or by leaving copies thereof at the person's dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person then residing therein who is fifteen (15) years of age or older or by delivering a copy of the summons and of the petition to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process,

upon an infant who is less than fifteen (15) years of age, by serving the summons and petition personally and upon either of the infant's parents or guardian, or if they cannot be found, then upon the person having the care or control of the infant or with whom the infant lives; and upon an incompetent person by serving the summons and petition personally and upon the incompetent person's guardian,

upon a domestic or foreign corporation or upon a partnership or other unincorporated association which is subject to suit under a common name, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the petition to an officer, a managing or general agent, or to any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process and, if the agent is one authorized by statute to receive service and the statute so requires, by also mailing a copy to the defendant,

upon the United States or an officer or agency thereof in the manner specified by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4,

upon a state, county, school district, public trust or municipal corporation or other governmental organization thereof subject to suit, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the petition to the officer or individual designated by specific statute; however, if there is no statute, then upon the chief executive officer or a clerk, secretary, or other official whose duty it is to maintain the official records of the organization,

upon an inmate incarcerated in an institution under the jurisdiction and control of the Department of Corrections, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the petition to the warden or superintendent or the designee of the warden or superintendent of the institution where the inmate is housed. It shall be the duty of the receiving warden or superintendent or a designee to promptly deliver the summons and petition to the inmate named therein. The warden or superintendent or his or her designee shall reject service of process for any inmate who is not actually present in said institution, and

upon an inmate incarcerated in a county jail or detention center under the jurisdiction and control of the county sheriff or the jail trust of the county, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the petition to the jail or detention center administrator or the designee of such administrator of the jail or detention center where the inmate is housed. It shall be the duty of the receiving jail or detention center administrator or designee to promptly deliver the summons and petition to the inmate named therein. The jail or detention center administrator or designee shall reject service of process for any inmate who is not actually present in the jail or detention center.

PERSONAL SERVICE: Personal service may be made by delivery of a true copy of the summons and a true copy of the complaint to the person to be served.

SUBSTITUTED SERVICE: Substituted service may be made by delivering true copies of the summons and the complaint at the dwelling house or usual place of abode of the person to be served to any person 14 years of age or older residing in the dwelling house or usual place of abode of the person to be served. Where substituted service is used, the plaintiff, as soon as reasonably possible, shall cause to be mailed by first class mail true copies of the summons and the complaint to the defendant at defendant's dwelling house or usual place of abode, together with a statement of the date, time, and place at which substituted service was made. For the purpose of computing any period of time prescribed or allowed by these rules or by statute, substituted service shall be complete upon the mailing

OFFICE SERVICE: If the person to be served maintains an office for the conduct of business, office service may be made by leaving true copies of the summons and the complaint at that office during normal working hours with the person who is apparently in charge. Where office service is used, the plaintiff, as soon as reasonably possible, shall cause to be mailed by first class mail true copies of the summons and the complaint to the defendant at defendant's dwelling house or usual place of abode or defendant's place of business or any other place under the circumstances that is most reasonably calculated to apprise the defendant of the existence and pendency of the action, together with a statement of the date, time, and place at which office service was made. For the purpose of computing any period of time prescribed or allowed by these rules or by statute, office service shall be complete upon the mailing.

(D)(3)PARTICULAR DEFENDANTS, INDIVIDUALS, GENERALLY: Upon an individual defendant, by personal delivery of true copies of the summons and the complaint to the defendant or other person authorized by appointment or law to receive service of summons on behalf of the defendant, by substituted service, or by office service. Service may also be made upon an individual defendant or other person authorized to receive service to whom neither subparagraph D(3)(a)(ii) nor D(3)(a)(iii) of this rule applies by a mailing made in accordance with paragraph D(2)(d) of this rule provided the defendant or other person authorized to receive service signs a receipt for the certified, registered, or express mailing, in which case service shall be complete on the date on which the defendant signs a receipt for the mailing.

MINORS: Upon a minor under 14 years of age, by service in the manner specified in subparagraph D(3)(a)(i) of this rule upon the minor; and additionally upon the minor's father, mother, conservator of the minor's estate, or guardian, or, if there be none, then upon any person having the care or control of the minor, or with whom the minor resides, or in whose service the minor is employed, or upon a guardian ad litem appointed pursuant to Rule 27 B.

INCAPACITATED PERSONS: Upon a person who is incapacitated or is financially incapable, as both terms are defined by ORS 125.005, by service in the manner specified in subparagraph D(3)(a)(i) of this rule upon the person and, also, upon the conservator of the person's estate or guardian or, if there be none, upon a guardian ad litem appointed pursuant to Rule 27 B.

TENANT OF MAIL AGENT: Upon an individual defendant who is a “tenant” of a “mail agent” within the meaning of ORS 646A.340, by delivering true copies of the summons and the complaint to any person apparently in charge of the place where the mail agent receives mail for the tenant, provided that: D(3)(a)(iv)(A) the plaintiff makes a diligent inquiry but cannot find the defendant; and D(3)(a)(iv)(B) the plaintiff, as soon as reasonably possible after delivery, causes true copies of the summons and the complaint to be mailed by first class mail to the defendant at the address at which the mail agent receives mail for the defendant and to any other mailing address of the defendant then known to the plaintiff, together with a statement of the date, time, and place at which the plaintiff delivered the copies of the summons and the complaint. Service shall be complete on the latest date resulting from the application of subparagraph D(2)(d)(ii) of this rule to all mailings required by this subparagraph unless the defendant signs a receipt for the mailing, in which case service is complete on the day the defendant signs the receipt.

CORPORATIONS: Corporations including, but not limited to, professional corporations and cooperatives. Upon a domestic or foreign corporation: D(3)(b)(i) Primary service method. By personal service or office service upon a registered agent, officer, or director of the corporation; or by personal service upon any clerk on duty in the office of a registered agent. D(3)(b)(ii) Alternatives. If a registered agent, officer, or director cannot be found in the county where the action is filed, true copies of the summons and the complaint may be served: D(3)(b)(ii)(A) by substituted service upon the registered agent, officer, or director; D(3)(b)(ii)(B) by personal service on any clerk or agent of the corporation who may be found in the county where the action is filed; D(3)(b)(ii)(C) by mailing in the manner specified in paragraph D(2)(d) of this rule true copies of the summons and the complaint to: the office of the registered agent or to the last registered office of the corporation, if any, as shown by the records on file in the office of the Secretary of State; or, if the corporation is not authorized to transact business in this state at the time of the transaction, event, or occurrence upon which the action is based occurred, to the principal office or place of business of the corporation; and, in any case, to any address the use of which the plaintiff knows or has reason to believe is most likely to result in actual notice; or D(3)(b)(ii)(D) upon the Secretary of State in the manner provided in ORS 60.121 or 60.731.

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES: Upon a limited liability company: D(3)(c)(i) Primary service method. By personal service or office service upon a registered agent, manager, or (for a member-managed limited liability company) member of a limited liability company; or by personal service upon any clerk on duty in the office of a registered agent. D(3)(c)(ii) Alternatives. If a registered agent, manager, or (for a member-managed limited liability company) member of a limited liability company cannot be found in the county where the action is filed, true copies of the summons and the complaint may be served: D(3)(c)(ii)(A) by substituted service upon the registered agent, manager, or (for a member-managed limited liability company) member of a limited liability company; D(3)(c)(ii)(B) by personal service on any clerk or agent of the limited liability company who may be found in the county where the action is filed; D(3)(c)(ii)(C) by mailing in the manner specified in paragraph D(2)(d) of this rule true copies of the summons and the complaint to: the office of the registered agent or to the last registered office of the limited liability company, as shown by the records on file in the office of the Secretary of State; or, if the limited liability company is not authorized to transact business in this state at the time of the transaction, event, or occurrence upon which the action is based occurred, to the principal office or place of business of the limited liability company; and, in any case, to any address the use of which the plaintiff knows or has reason to believe is most likely to result in actual notice; or D(3)(c)(ii)(D) upon the Secretary of State in the manner provided in ORS 63.121.

LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS: Upon a domestic or foreign limited partnership: D(3)(d)(i) Primary service method. By personal service or office service upon a registered agent or a general partner of a limited partnership; or by personal service upon any clerk on duty in the office of a registered agent. D(3)(d)(ii) Alternatives. If a registered agent or a general partner of a limited partnership cannot be found in the county where the action is filed, true copies of the summons and the complaint may be served: D(3)(d)(ii)(A) by substituted service upon the registered agent or general partner of a limited partnership; D(3)(d)(ii)(B) by personal service on any clerk or agent of the limited partnership who may be found in the county where the action is filed; D(3)(d)(ii)(C) by mailing in the manner specified in paragraph D(2)(d) of this rule true copies of the summons and the complaint to: the office of the registered agent or to the last registered office of the limited partnership, as shown by the records on file in the office of the Secretary of State; or, if the limited partnership is not authorized to transact business in this state at the time of the transaction, event, or occurrence upon which the action is based occurred, to the principal office or place of business of the limited partnership; and, in any case, to any address the use of which the plaintiff knows or has reason to believe is most likely to result in actual notice; or D(3)(d)(ii)(D) upon the Secretary of State in the manner provided in ORS 70.040 or 70.045.

GERNAL PARTNERSHIPS AND LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIPS: Upon any general partnership or limited liability partnership by personal service upon a partner or any agent authorized by appointment or law to receive service of summons for the partnership or limited liability partnership.

OTHER UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS: Upon any other unincorporated association subject to suit under a common name by personal service upon an officer, managing agent, or agent authorized by appointment or law to receive service of summons for the unincorporated association.

STATE: Upon the state, by personal service upon the Attorney General or by leaving true copies of the summons and the complaint at the Attorney General's office with a deputy, assistant, or clerk.

PUBLIC BODIES: Upon any county; incorporated city; school district; or other public corporation, commission, board, or agency by personal service or office service upon an officer, director, managing agent, or attorney thereof.

VESSEL OWNERS AND CHARTERERS: Upon any foreign steamship owner or steamship charterer by personal service upon a vessel master in the owner's or charterer's employment or any agent authorized by the owner or charterer to provide services to a vessel calling at a port in the State of Oregon, or a port in the State of Washington on that portion of the Columbia River forming a common boundary with Oregon.

Rule 08 Process-Service or execution: (C) Any civil process may be served or executed on Sunday or any other legal holiday. No limitation or prohibition stated in ORS 1.060 shall apply to such service or execution of any civil process on a Sunday or other legal holiday.

Rule 09 Service and Filing of Pleadings and Other Documents (B) Service How Made: B Service; how made. Except as otherwise provided in Rule 7 or Rule 8, whenever under these rules service is required or permitted to be made on a party, and that party is represented by an attorney, the service shall be made on the attorney unless otherwise ordered by the court. Service on the attorney or on a party shall be made by delivering a copy to that attorney or party; by mailing it to the attorney's or party's last known address; by e-mail as provided in section G of this rule; by electronic service as provided in section H of this rule; or, if the party is represented by an attorney, by facsimile communication as provided in section F of this rule. Delivery of a copy within this rule means: handing it to the person to be served; or leaving it at the person's office with the person who is apparently in charge; or, if there is no one in charge, leaving the copy in a conspicuous place therein; or, if the office is closed or the person to be served has no office, leaving the copy at the person's dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person 14 years of age or older then residing therein. A party who has appeared without providing an appropriate address for service may be served by filing the pleading or other document with the court. Service by mail is complete on mailing. Service of any notice or other document to bring a party into contempt may be only on that party personally.

Rule 402 Manner of Service: (a) Original process may be served (1) by handing a copy to the defendant; or (2) by handing a copy (i) at the residence of the defendant to an adult member of the family with whom he resides; but if no adult member of the family is found, then to an adult person in charge of such residence; or (ii) at the residence of the defendant to the clerk or manager of the hotel, inn, apartment house, boarding house or other place of lodging at which he resides; or (iii) at any office or usual place of business of the defendant to his agent or to the person for the time being in charge thereof. (b) In lieu of service under this rule, the defendant or his authorized agent may accept service of original process by filing a separate document which shall be substantially in the following form: Acceptance of Service I accept service of the on behalf of and certify that I am authorized to do so). (Date) (Defendant, or Authorized Agent) (Mailing Address) Official Note The plaintiff should insert in the first blank the name of the document being accepted, i.e., writ of summons or complaint. When accepting service in person, the defendant would delete the part of the sentence in parentheses.

MINORS: When the defendant is a minor, original process shall be served (1) upon the minor in the manner prescribed for the service of original process upon an adult defendant, or (2) by handing a copy to the minor’s guardian. Official Note Rule 76 defines ‘‘minor’’ and Rule 2026 defines ‘‘guardian.’’ The plaintiff cannot obtain a valid judgment against the minor until a guardian has been appointed; and a judgment obtained without the appointment of a guardian may be vacated and a guardian appointed forthwith, in accordance with Rule 2034. In all instances, the court in appointing a guardian for a minor may require that the guardian be served with copies of the pleadings already served upon the minor or others and may also grant such continuance as is necessary to prepare and present the case of the minor. The court may also make orders extending the time for filing pleadings on behalf of the minor.

INCAPACITATED PERSONS: If the defendant is an incapacitated person, original process shall be served (1) upon the incapacitated person in the manner prescribed for service of original process upon a competent defendant, or (2) by handing a copy to the incapacitated person’s guardian. Official Note Rule 2051 defines ‘‘incapacitated person.’’ Rule 2053 provides for the representation of an incapacitated person who is a defendant by a guardian or a guardian ad litem.

THE COMMONWEALTH AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS: (a) Service of original process upon the Commonwealth or an officer of the Commonwealth, or a department, board, commission or instrumentality of the Commonwealth, or a member thereof, shall be made at the office of the defendant and the office of the attorney general by handing a copy to the person in charge thereof. (b) Service of original process upon a political subdivision shall be made by handing a copy to (1) an agent duly authorized by the political subdivision to receive service of process, or (2) the person in charge at the office of the defendant, or (3) the mayor, or the president, chairman, secretary or clerk of the tax levyinig body thereof, and in counties where there is no tax levying body, the chairman or clerk of the board of county commissioners. Official Note See Rule 76 for the definition of ‘‘political subdivision.’’

PARTNERSHIPS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS: Service of original process upon a partnership and all partners named in the action or upon an unincorporated association shall be made upon any of the following persons provided the person served is not a plaintiff in the action: (1) any partner, officer or registered agent of the partnership or association, or (2) an agent authorized by the partnership or association in writing to receive service of process for it, or (3) the manager, clerk or other person for the time being in charge of any regular place of business or activity of the partnership or association.

CORPORATIONS AND SIMILAR ENTITIES: Service of original process upon a corporation or similar entity shall be made by handing a copy to any of the following persons provided the person served is not a plaintiff in the action: (1) an executive officer, partner or trustee of the corporation or similar entity, or (2) the manager, clerk or other person for the time being in charge of any regular place of business or activity of the corporation or similar entity, or (3) an agent authorized by the corporation or similar entity in writing to receive service of process for it. Official Note Substituted service pursuant to Rule 402(a)(2) upon a corporation or similar entity is not permitted by this rule.

ADDITIONAL DEFENDANTS: (a) Original process shall be served upon an additional defendant who is not already a party to the action in the same manner as if he or she were an original defendant. The joining party, upon request, shall furnish copies of all or specified pleadings filed in the action. Official Note See Rule 213(b) for the right of an additional defendant to move for a severance and Rule 1006(d) for the right to move for a change of venue. (b) The defendant or additional defendant shall serve a copy of his or her complaint upon every prior party.

INDIVIDUAL: Upon an individual from whom a waiver has not been obtained and filed, other than an incompetent person, by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, Language Assistance Notice, and all other required documents to the individual personally or by leaving copies thereof at the individual's dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein or by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, Language Assistance Notice, and all other required documents to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process, provided that if the agent is one designated by statute to receive service, such further notice as the statute requires shall be given.

Upon a person for whom a guardian or conservator has been appointed by serving copies of the summons, complaint, Language Assistance Notice, and all other required documents upon such guardian or conservator and upon the incompetent person in the manner provided in paragraph (1) of this subdivision.

PRIVATE CORPORATION, DOMETIC OR FOREIGN: Upon a private corporation, domestic or foreign, from which a waiver of service has not been obtained and filed, by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, Language Assistance Notice, and all other required documents to an officer, a managing or general agent, or by leaving a copy of the summons, complaint, Language Assistance Notice, and all other required documents at an office of the corporation with a person employed therein, or by delivering a copy of the summons, and complaint, Language Assistance Notice, and all other required documents to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process, provided that if the agent is one designated by statute to receive service, such further notice as the statute requires shall be given.

STATE: Upon the state by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, Language Assistance Notice, and all other required documents to the attorney general or an assistant attorney general

PUBLIC CORPORATION, BODY OR AUTHORITY: Upon a public corporation, body, or authority by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, Language Assistance Notice, and all other required documents to any officer, director, or manager thereof.

INDIVIDUALS: Upon an individual other than a minor under the age of 14 years or an incompetent person, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to him personally or by leaving copies thereof at his dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein, or by delivering a copy to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.

MINORS, INCOMPETENTS AND PERSONS CONFINED: Upon a minor under the age of 14 years, a person judicially declared incapable of conducting his own affairs, or an incompetent person by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to such minor, or incompetent personally and also a copy to (a) the guardian or committee of such person, or if there be none such within the State upon (b) a parent or other person having the care and control of such person, or (c) any competent person with whom he resides or (d) in whose service he is employed. If the individual upon whom service is made is a minor between the ages of 14 and 18, who lives with a parent or guardian, a copy of the summons and complaint shall likewise be served upon said parent or guardian, if said parent or guardian resides within the State. Service on imprisoned persons or persons confined in a state hospital or similar institution, in or out of this State, shall be made by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the confined person personally; and service shall be made by the sheriff of the county in which the person is imprisoned or confined. In cases of persons imprisoned, and patients in a state hospital or similar institution, personal service of process may be made by the superintendent of the institution or by the director of the prison system or by assistants duly designated by the superintendent or the director in writing for the purpose of making service of process, instead of the sheriff. The superintendent or the director or their designated assistants shall not be entitled to any costs therefore. Service on confined or imprisoned persons shall also conform to the provisions of § 15-9-510, S.C. Code, 1976. ****Rule 4(d)(2) preserves and conforms to present practice under Code §§ 15-9-480 and 15-9-490. Service on persons confined in State penal or mental facilities will continue to conform also to Code §§ 15-9-500 and 15-9-510. *****Note to 1986 Amendment: In Rule 4(d)(2), the reference to Sec. 15-9-500 is deleted because that provision has been repealed. ****Note to 1995 Amendment: Rule 4(d)(2) is amended to add a provision for the service of the summons and complaint on persons confined in a prison or state hospital. The language is drawn from S.C. Code Ann. § 15-9-500 (1976) (repealed) which governed this situation prior to the adoption of the Rules of Civil Procedure in 1985.

CORPORATIONS AND PARTNERSHIPS: Upon a corporation or upon a partnership or other unincorporated association which is subject to suit under a common name, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to an officer, a managing or general agent, or to any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process and if the agent is one authorized by statute to receive service and the statute so requires, by also mailing a copy to the defendant. ***Note: This rule 4(d)(3) conforms to both the Federal Rule and preserves and supplements Code §§ 15-9-210 through 15-9-330. Rules 4(d)(7) and 4(d)(8) preserve other forms of statutory service on particular classes of defendants, such as non-resident motorists.

STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA: (A) When State a Party. Upon the State of South Carolina by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the Attorney General, or when another official is designated to be served by the statute permitting such action by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to that official and sending a copy of the summons and complaint by registered or certified mail to the Attorney General at Columbia. (B) When Unconstitutionality of Statute Is Asserted. In any action attacking the Constitutionality of a State statute when the State, officer or agency is not made a party, a copy of the summons and complaint shall be sent by registered or certified mail to the Attorney General.

STATE OFFICER OR AGENCY: Upon an officer or agency of the State by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to such officer or agency and by sending a copy of the summons and complaint by registered or certified mail to the Attorney General at Columbia. If the agency is a corporation the copy shall be delivered as provided in paragraph (3) of this subdivision of this rule.

GOVERNMENTAL SUBDIVISION: Upon a municipal corporation, county or other governmental or political subdivision subject to suit, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the chief executive officer or clerk thereof, or by serving the summons and complaint in the manner prescribed by statute for the service of summons and complaint or any like process upon any such defendant. ***Note: These Rules 4(d)(4) through 4(d)(6) conform to the Federal Rules and clarify State practice concerning service on the State, its officers or agencies, and on political subdivisions.

If the action is against a business entity, on the president, partner or other head of the entity, officer, director, or registered agent thereof. If any of the above cannot be conveniently found, service may be made by leaving a copy of the summons and complaint at any office of such business entity within this state, with the person in charge of such office; (i) A business entity for purposes of this subdivision shall include, but not be limited to: A. Domestic and foreign corporations; B. Domestic and foreign partnerships; C. Limited liability companies; D. Entities with fictitious names; and E. Any entity required to have a registered agent with the Secretary of State.

PUBLIC CORPORATION: If the action is against a public corporation within this state, service may be made as follows: (i) Upon a county, by serving upon any county commissioner; (ii) Upon a first or second class municipality, by serving upon the mayor or any alderman or commissioner; (iii) Upon a third class municipality, by serving upon any trustee; (iv) Upon an organized township, by serving upon any supervisor; (v) Upon any school district, by serving upon any member of the school board or board of education; and (vi) Upon a consumers power district, by serving upon any member of the board of directors;

MINOR: If the action is against a minor, upon a parent or person having custody, and if the minor is over the age of fourteen years, then also upon such minor personally, and in any event upon the legally appointed guardian, guardian ad litem or conservator, if there is one;

If the action is against a person judicially declared to be mentally incompetent, or who is a patient at an institution for persons with mental illnesses or developmental disabilities or for whom a guardian or conservator has been legally appointed, upon such guardian or conservator, and upon the administrator or superintendent of such institutions for persons with mental illnesses or developmental disabilities, or person having custody, and also upon the person with mental illness or a developmental disability; provided that if the person with mental illness or a developmental disability is a patient of an institution for persons with mental illnesses or developmental disabilities, and the administrator or superintendent thereof shall certify in writing that service upon such person personally would be unavailing or injurious to his physical or mental well-being, and such certificate be filed, service upon such individual may be dispensed with by order of court;

If the action is against the state or any of its institutions, departments, or agencies, by service upon such officer or employee as may be designated by the statute authorizing such action, and upon the attorney general. In all matters involving title to land owned or held in trust by the state or any of its institutions, departments, or agencies, upon the commissioner of school and public lands and the attorney general. In all matters other than those involving title to such lands, if no officer or employee is designated, then upon the Governor and the attorney general. Any of such officers or employees referred to in § 15-6-4 may admit service of the summons with the same legal effect as if it had been personally served upon them by an officer or elector;

(6) If the action is against a state officer, employee or agent arising out of his office, employment or agency, a copy of the summons and complaint shall be mailed, certified mail, postage prepaid to the attorney general together with an admission of service and a return envelope, postage prepaid, addressed to the sender. The executed admission of service shall be filed by the sender in accordance with § 15-6-5(d);

INDIVIDUAL: Upon an individual other than an unmarried infant or an incompetent person, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the individual personally, or if he or she evades or attempts to evade service, by leaving copies thereof at the individual's dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein, whose name shall appear on the proof of service, or by delivering the copies to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service on behalf of the individual served.

UNMARRIED INFANT OR INCOMPETENT PERSON: by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the person's residence guardian or conservator if there is one known to the plaintiff; or if no guardian or conservator is known, by delivering the copies to the individual's parent having custody within this state; or if no such parent is within this state, then by delivering the copies to the person within this state having control of the individual. If none of the persons defined and enumerated above exist, the court shall appoint a practicing attorney as guardian ad litem to whom the copies shall be delivered. If any of the persons directed by this paragraph to be served is a plaintiff, then the person who is not a plaintiff who stands next in the order named above shall be served. In addition to the service provided in this paragraph, service shall also be made on an unmarried infant who is fourteen (14) years of age or more, and who is not otherwise incompetent.

PARTNERSHIP OR UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATION (INCLUDING LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY): Upon a partnership or unincorporated association (including a limited liability company) which is named defendant under a common name, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to a partner or managing agent of the partnership or to an officer or managing agent of the association, or to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service on behalf of the partnership or association.

DOMESTIC CORPORATION, FOREIGN CORPORATION DOING BUSINESS IN THE STATE: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an officer or managing agent thereof, or to the chief agent in the county wherein the action is brought, or by delivering the copies to any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service on behalf of the corporation.

Upon a nonresident individual who transacts business through an office or agency in this state, or a resident individual who transacts business through an office or agency in a county other than the county in which the resident individual resides, in any action growing out of or connected with the business of that office or agency, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the person in charge of the office or agency.

STATE OF TENNESSEE OR AGENCY THEREOF: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the attorney general of the state or to any assistant attorney general.

COUNTY: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the chief executive officer of the county, or if absent from the county, to the county attorney if there is one designated; if not, by delivering the copies to the county court clerk.

MUNCIPALITY: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the chief executive officer thereof, or to the city attorney.

ANY OTHER GOVERNEMENTAL OR ANY QUASI-GOVERNMENT ENTITY: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to any officer or managing agent thereof.

Rule 6 Suits Commenced on Sunday. No civil suit shall be commenced nor process issued or served on Sunday, except in cases of injunction, attachment, garnishment, sequestration, or distress proceedings; provided that citation by publication published on Sunday shall be valid.

Rule 16 Shall Endorse All Process. Every officer or authorized person shall endorse on all process and precepts coming to his hand the day and hour on which he received them, the manner in which he executed them, and the time and place the process was served and shall sign the returns officially.

Rule 106 Method of Service (a) Unless the citation or court order otherwise directs, the citation must be served by: (1) delivering to the defendant, in person, a copy of the citation, showing the delivery date, and of the petition; or (2) mailing to the defendant by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, a copy of the citation and of the petition. Upon motion supported by a statement–sworn to before a notary or made under penalty of perjury–listing any location where the defendant can probably be found and stating specifically the facts showing that service has been attempted under (a)(1) or (a)(2) at the location named in the statement but has not been successful, the court may authorize service: (1) by leaving a copy of the citation and of the petition with anyone older than sixteen at the location specified in the statement; or (2) in any other manner, including electronically by social media, email, or other technology, that the statement or other evidence shows will be reasonably effective to give the defendant notice of the suit. ***Comment to 1988 change: Conforms to amendment to Rule 103. ***Comment to 2020 Change: Rule 106 is revised in response to section 17.033 of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code, which calls for rules to provide for substituted service of citation by social media. Amended Rule 106(b)(2) clarifies that a court may, in proper circumstances, permit service of citation electronically by social media, email, or other technology. In determining whether to permit electronic service of process, a court should consider whether the technology actually belongs to the defendant and whether the defendant regularly uses or recently used the technology. Other clarifying and stylistic changes have been made.

Rule 176.5 Service. (a) A subpoena may be served at any place within the State of Texas by any sheriff or constable of the State of Texas, or any person who is not a party and is 18 years of age or older. A subpoena must be served by delivering a copy to the witness and tendering to that person any fees required by law. If the witness is a party and is represented by an attorney of record in the proceeding, the subpoena may be served on the witness's attorney of record.

Rule 501.2 Service of Citation. (b) Method of Service: Citation must be served by:(1) delivering a copy of the citation with a copy of the petition attached to the defendant in person, after endorsing the date of delivery on the citation; or (2) mailing a copy of the citation with a copy of the petition attached to the defendant by registered or certified mail, restricted delivery, with return receipt or electronic return receipt requested.

INDIVIDUAL: Upon any individual other than one covered by paragraphs (d)(1)(B), (d)(1)(C) or (d)(1)(D), by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the individual personally, or by leaving them at the individual's dwelling house or usual place of abode with a person of suitable age and discretion who resides there, or by delivering them to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive process;

MINOR: Upon a minor under 14 years old by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the minor and also to the minor’s father, mother, or guardian or, if none can be found within the state, then to any person having the care and control of the minor, or with whom the minor resides, or by whom the minor is employed;

Upon an individual judicially declared to be incapacitated, of unsound mind, or incapable of conducting the individual’s own affairs, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the individual and to the guardian or conservator of the individual if one has been appointed; the individual’s legal representative if one has been appointed, and, in the absence of a guardian, conservator, or legal representative, to the person, if any, who has care, custody, or control of the individual;

Upon an individual incarcerated or committed at a facility operated by the state or any of its political subdivisions, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the person who has the care, custody, or control of the individual, or to that person's designee or to the guardian or conservator of the individual if one has been appointed. The person to whom the summons and complaint are delivered must promptly deliver them to the individual;

Upon a corporation not otherwise provided for in this rule, a limited liability company, a partnership, or an unincorporated association subject to suit under a common name, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to an officer, a managing or general agent, or other agent authorized by appointment or law to receive process and by also mailing a copy of the summons and complaint to the defendant, if the agent is one authorized by statute to receive process and the statute so requires. If no officer or agent can be found within the state, and the defendant has, or advertises or holds itself out as having, a place of business within the state or elsewhere, or does business within this state or elsewhere, then upon the person in charge of the place of business;

INCORPORATED CITY OR TOWN: by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint as required by statute, or in the absence of a controlling statute, to the recorder;

SCHOOL DISTRICT OR BOARD OF EDUCATION: by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint as required by statute, or in the absence of a controlling statute, to the superintendent or administrator of the board;

IRRIGATION OR DRAINAGE DISTRICT: by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint as required by statute, or in the absence of a controlling statute, to the president or secretary of its board;

STATE OF UTAH OR ITS DEPARTMENT OR AGENCY: by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the attorney general and any other person or agency required by statute to be served; and

PUBLIC BOARD, COMMISSION OR BODY: by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint as required by statute, or in the absence of a controlling statute, to any member of its governing board, or to its executive employee or secretary.

INDIVIDUAL: (1) Upon an individual by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the individual personally or by leaving copies thereof at the individual's dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then residing therein or by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process, provided that if the agent is one designated by statute to receive service, such further notice as the statute requires shall be given. The court, on motion, upon a showing that service as prescribed above cannot be made with due diligence, may order service to be made by leaving a copy of the summons and of the complaint at the defendant's dwelling house or usual place of abode, or to be made by publication pursuant to subdivision (g) of this rule, if the court deems publication to be more effective.

INFANT OR AN INCOMPETENT PERSON: If the individual is an infant or incompetent person, process may be served upon the individual by one of the foregoing methods, or as follows: (i) Upon an infant by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint personally (a) to the infant and (b) also to the infant's guardian if the infant has one within the state, known to the plaintiff, and if not, then the infant's father or mother or other person having the infant's care or control, or with whom the infant resides, or if service cannot be made upon any of them, then as provided by order of the court. (ii) Upon an incompetent person by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint personally (a) to the guardian of that person or a competent adult member of that person's family with whom that person resides, or if that person is living in an institution, then to the director or chief executive officer of the institution, or if service cannot be made upon any of them, then as provided by order of the court and (b) unless the court otherwise orders, also to the incompetent.

STATE OF VERMONT OR ANY AGENCY/OFFICER THEREOF: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the Attorney General or the Deputy Attorney General. Service of a copy of the complaint and written disclosure of material evidence and infonnation required to be served pursuant to 32 V.S.A. § 632(b)(3), enacted by Act No. 25 of2015, or 31 U.S.C. § 3730(b)(2). shall be by any method of delivery requiring the signature of an addressee or an agent of an addressee.

COUNTY: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the county clerk or the county treasurer.

TOWN: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the clerk, treasurer, manager, or one of the selectmen.

CITY: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the clerk, treasurer, or manager.

OTHER PUBLIC CORPORATION, BODY OR AUTHORITY: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to any officer, director, superintendent, or manager thereof.

DOMESTIC OR FOREIGN PRIVATE CORPORATION: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an officer, a director, a managing or general agent, a superintendent, or to any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process, provided that any further notice required by a statute authorizing an agent to receive service shall also be given. For purposes of this paragraph the officers of a national bank shall include the cashier and assistant cashiers thereof. If none of the foregoing persons is present in the state, such copies may be delivered to any person in the actual employment of the corporation or to one of the stockholders, or, if no such person be found, may be left at an office or place of business of the corporation within the state.

PARTNERSHIP OR UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATION OR JOINT STOCK COMPANY: by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an officer, a managing or general agent, a superintendent, any member thereof, or any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process, provided that any further notice required by a statute authorizing an agent to receive service shall also be given.

8.01-296 Manner of serving process upon natural persons- Subject to the provisions of § 8.01-286.1, in any action at law or in equity or any other civil proceeding in any court, process, for which no particular mode of service is prescribed, may be served upon natural persons as follows: 1. By delivering a copy thereof in writing to the party in person; or 2. By substituted service in the following manner: a. If the party to be served is not found at his usual place of abode, by delivering a copy of such process and giving information of its purport to any person found there, who is a member of his family, other than a temporary sojourner or guest, and who is of the age of 16 years or older; or b. If such service cannot be effected under subdivision 2 a, then by posting a copy of such process at the front door or at such other door as appears to be the main entrance of such place of abode, provided that not less than 10 days before judgment by default may be entered, the party causing service or his attorney or agent mails to the party served a copy of such process and thereafter files in the office of the clerk of the court a certificate of such mailing. In any civil action brought in a general district court, the mailing of the application for a warrant in debt or affidavit for summons in unlawful detainer or other civil pleading or a copy of such pleading, whether yet issued by the court or not, which contains the date, time and place of the return, prior to or after filing such pleading in the general district court, shall satisfy the mailing requirements of this section. In any civil action brought in a circuit court, the mailing of a copy of the pleadings with a notice that the proceedings are pending in the court indicated and that upon the expiration of 10 days after the giving of the notice and the expiration of the statutory period within which to respond, without further notice, the entry of a judgment by default as prayed for in the pleadings may be requested, shall satisfy the mailing requirements of this section and any notice requirement of the Rules of Court. Any judgment by default entered after July 1, 1989, upon posted service in which proceedings a copy of the pleadings was mailed as provided for in this section prior to July 1, 1989, is validated. c. The person executing such service shall note the manner and the date of such service on the original and the copy of the process so delivered or posted under this subdivision and shall effect the return of process as provided in §§ 8.01-294 and 8.01-325. 3. If service cannot be effected under subdivisions 1 and 2, then by order of publication in appropriate cases under the provisions of §§ 8.01-316 through 8.01-320. 4. The landlord or his duly authorized agent or representative may serve notices required by the rental agreement or by law upon the tenant or occupant under a rental agreement that is within the purview of Chapter 14 (§ 55.1-1400 et seq.) of Title 55.1.

CONVICT DEFENDANT: 8.01-297 In all actions against one who has been convicted of a felony and is confined in a local or regional jail or State correctional institution, process shall be served on such convict and, subject to § 8.01-9, a guardian ad litem shall be appointed for him. Such service may be effected by delivery to the officer in charge of such jail or institution whose duty it shall be to deliver forthwith such process to the convict.

DOMESTIC CORPORATIONS AND LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES: 8.01-299 Except as prescribed in § 8.01-300 as to municipal and quasi-governmental corporations, and subject to § 8.01-286.1, process may be served on a corporation or limited liability company created by the laws of the Commonwealth as follows: 1. By personal service on any officer, director, or registered agent of such corporation or on the registered agent of such limited liability company; 2. By substituted service on stock corporations in accordance with § 13.1-637, on nonstock corporations in accordance with § 13.1-836, and on limited liability companies in accordance with § 13.1-1018; or 3. If the address of the registered office of the corporation or limited liability company is a single-family residential dwelling, by substituted service on the registered agent of the corporation or limited liability company in the manner provided by subdivision 2 of § 8.01-296.

MUNICPAL AND COUNTY GOVERNMENTS, QUASI-GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES: Notwithstanding the provisions of § 8.01-299 for service of process on other domestic corporations, process shall be served on municipal and county governments and quasi-governmental bodies or agencies in the following manner: 1. If the case be against a city or a town, on its city or town attorney in those cities or towns which have created such a position, otherwise on its mayor, manager or trustee of such town or city; and 2. If the case be against a county, on its county attorney in those counties which have created such a position, otherwise on its attorney for the Commonwealth; and 3. If the case be against any political subdivision, or any other public governmental entity created by the laws of the Commonwealth and subject to suit as an entity separate from the Commonwealth, then on the director, commissioner, chief administrative officer, attorney, or any member of the governing body of such entity; and 4. If the case be against a supervisor, county officer, employee, or agent of the county board, arising out of official actions of such supervisor, officer, employee, or agent, then, in addition to the person named defendant in the case, on the county attorney, if the county has a county attorney, and if there is no county attorney, on the clerk of the county board. Service under this section may be made by leaving a copy with the person in charge of the office of any officer designated in subdivisions 1 through 4.

FOREIGN CORPORATIONS: Subject to § 8.01-286.1, service of process on a foreign corporation may be effected in the following manner: 1. By personal service on any officer, director or on the registered agent of a foreign corporation which is authorized to do business in the Commonwealth, and by personal service on any agent of a foreign corporation transacting business in the Commonwealth without such authorization, wherever any such officer, director, or agents be found within the Commonwealth; 2. By substituted service on a foreign corporation in accordance with §§ 13.1-766 and 13.1-928, if such corporation is authorized to transact business or affairs within the Commonwealth; 3. By substituted service on a foreign corporation in accordance with § 8.01-329 or by service in accordance with § 8.01-320, where jurisdiction is authorized under § 8.01-328.1, regardless of whether such foreign corporation is authorized to transact business within the Commonwealth; or 4. By order of publication in accordance with §§ 8.01-316 and 8.01-317 where jurisdiction in rem or quasi in rem is authorized, regardless of whether the foreign corporation so served is authorized to transact business within the Commonwealth. This section does not prescribe the only means, or necessarily the required means, of serving a foreign corporation.

8.01-303 On whom process served when corporation operated by trustee or receiver. Subject to § 8.01-286.1, when any corporation is operated by a trustee or by a receiver appointed by any court, in any action against such corporation, process may be served on its trustee or receiver; and if there is more than one such trustee or receiver, then service may be on any one of them. In the event that no service of process may be had on any such trustee or receiver, then process may be served by any other mode of service upon corporations authorized by this chapter.

COPARTNER OR PARTNERSHIP: Subject to § 8.01-286.1, process against a copartner or partnership may be served upon a general partner, and it shall be deemed service upon the partnership and upon each partner individually named in the action, provided the person served is not a plaintiff in the suit and provided the matter in suit is a partnership matter. Provided further that process may be served upon a limited partner in any proceeding to enforce a limited partner's liability to the partnership.

8.01-305. Process against unincorporated associations or orders, or unincorporated common carriers. Subject to § 8.01-286.1, process against an unincorporated (i) association, (ii) order, or (iii) common carrier, may be served on any officer, trustee, director, staff member or other agent.

8.01-306. Process against unincorporated associations or orders, or unincorporated common carriers; principal office outside Virginia and business transactions in Virginia. Subject to § 8.01-286.1, if an unincorporated (i) association, (ii) order, or (iii) common carrier has its principal office outside Virginia and transacts business or affairs in the Commonwealth, process may be served on any officer, trustee, director, staff member, or agent of such association, order, or carrier in the city or county in which he may be found or on the clerk of the State Corporation Commission, who shall be deemed by virtue of such transaction of business or affairs in the Commonwealth to have been appointed statutory agent of such association, order, or carrier upon whom may be made service of process in accordance with § 12.1-19.1. Service, when duly made, shall constitute sufficient foundation for a personal judgment against such association, order or carrier. If service may not be had as aforesaid, then on affidavit of that fact an order of publication may be awarded as provided by §§ 8.01-316 and 8.01-317.

8.01-309. Service on Secretary of Commonwealth as agent of nonresident operator or owner of aircraft. Any nonresident owner or operator of any aircraft that is operated over and above the land and waters of the Commonwealth or uses aviation facilities within the Commonwealth, shall by such operation and use appoint the Secretary of the Commonwealth as his statutory agent for the service of process in any action against him growing out of any accident or collision occurring within or above the Commonwealth in which such aircraft is involved.

If the action is against any county in this state, to the county auditor or, during normal office hours, to the deputy auditor, or in the case of a charter county, summons may be served upon the agent, if any, designated by the legislative authority.

If against any town or incorporated city in the state, to the mayor, city manager, or, during normal office hours, to the mayor's or city manager's designated agent or the city clerk thereof.

If against a school or fire district, to the superintendent or commissioner thereof or by leaving the same in his or her office with an assistant superintendent, deputy commissioner, or business manager during normal business hours.

If against a railroad corporation, to any station, freight, ticket or other agent thereof within this state.

If against a corporation owning or operating sleeping cars, or hotel cars, to any person having charge of any of its cars or any agent found within the state.

If against a domestic insurance company, to any agent authorized by such company to solicit insurance within this state.

(a) If against an authorized foreign or alien insurance company, as provided in RCW 48.05.200. (b) If against an unauthorized insurer, as provided in RCW 48.05.215 and 48.15.150. (c) If against a reciprocal insurer, as provided in RCW 48.10.170. (d) If against a nonresident surplus line broker, as provided in RCW 48.15.073. (e) If against a nonresident insurance producer or title insurance agent, as provided in RCW 48.17.173. (f) If against a nonresident adjuster, as provided in RCW 48.17.380. (g) If against a fraternal benefit society, as provided in RCW 48.36A.350. (h) If against a nonresident reinsurance intermediary, as provided in RCW 48.94.010. (i) If against a nonresident life settlement provider, as provided in RCW 48.102.011. (j) If against a nonresident life settlement broker, as provided in RCW 48.102.021. (k) If against a service contract provider, as provided in RCW 48.110.030. (l) If against a protection product guarantee provider, as provided in RCW 48.110.055. (m) If against a discount plan organization, as provided in RCW 48.155.020.

If against a company or corporation doing any express business, to any agent authorized by said company or corporation to receive and deliver express matters and collect pay therefor within this state.

If against a company or corporation other than those designated in subsections (1) through (8) of this section, to the president or other head of the company or corporation, the registered agent, secretary, cashier or managing agent thereof or to the secretary, stenographer or office assistant of the president or other head of the company or corporation, registered agent, secretary, cashier or managing agent.

If against a foreign corporation or nonresident joint stock company, partnership or association doing business within this state, to any agent, cashier or secretary thereof.

If against a minor under the age of fourteen years, to such minor personally, and also to his or her father, mother, guardian, or if there be none within this state, then to any person having the care or control of such minor, or with whom he or she resides, or in whose service he or she is employed, if such there be.

If against any person for whom a guardian has been appointed for any cause, then to such guardian.

If against a foreign or alien steamship company or steamship charterer, to any agent authorized by such company or charterer to solicit cargo or passengers for transportation to or from ports in the state of Washington.

If against a self-insurance program regulated by chapter 48.62 RCW, as provided in chapter 48.62 RCW.

If against a party to a real estate purchase and sale agreement under RCW 64.04.220, by mailing a copy by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to the party to be served at his or her usual mailing address or the address identified for that party in the real estate purchase and sale agreement.

In all other cases, to the defendant personally, or by leaving a copy of the summons at the house of his or her usual abode with some person of suitable age and discretion then resident therein.

In lieu of service under subsection (16) of this section, where the person cannot with reasonable diligence be served as described, the summons may be served as provided in this subsection, and shall be deemed complete on the tenth day after the required mailing: By leaving a copy at his or her usual mailing address with a person of suitable age and discretion who is a resident, proprietor, or agent thereof, and by thereafter mailing a copy by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to the person to be served at his or her usual mailing address. For the purposes of this subsection, "usual mailing address" does not include a United States postal service post office box or the person's place of employment.

(e) Serving an Individual within the United States, Unless applicable law provides otherwise, an individual—other than a minor, an incompetent person, or a person whose acknowledgment has been filed—may be served anywhere in the United States by: (1) following District of Columbia law, or the state law for serving a summons in an action brought in courts of general jurisdiction in the state where service is made; or (2) doing any of the following: (A) delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, Initial Order, any addendum to that order, and any other order directed by the court to the parties at the time of filing to the individual personally;(B) leaving a copy of each at the individual's dwelling or usual place of abode with someone of suitable age and discretion who resides there; or (C) delivering a copy of each to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.

(g) SERVING A MINOR OR AN INCOMPETENT PERSON. A minor or an incompetent person in the United States must be served by following District of Columbia law (D.C. Code §§ 13-332 and -333 (2012 Repl.)) or the state law for serving a summons or like process on such a defendant in an action brought in the courts of general jurisdiction of the state where service is made. A minor or an incompetent person who is not within the United States must be served in the manner prescribed by Rule 4(f)(2)(A), (f)(2)(B), or

(h) SERVING A CORPORATION, PARTNERSHIP, OR ASSOCIATION. Unless applicable law provides otherwise or the defendant’s acknowledgment has been filed, a domestic or foreign corporation, or a partnership or other unincorporated association that is subject to suit under a common name, must be served: (1) in the United States: (A) in the manner prescribed by Rule 4(e)(1) for serving an individual; or (B) by delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, Initial Order, any addendum to that order, and any other order directed by the court to the parties at the time of filing to an officer, a managing or general agent, or any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process and—if the agent is one authorized by statute and the statute so requires—by also mailing a copy of each to the defendant, or (2) at a place not within the United States, in any manner prescribed by Rule 4(f) for serving an individual, except personal delivery under (f)(2)(C)(i)

(i) SERVING THE UNITED STATES AND ITS AGENCIES, CORPORATIONS, OFFICERS, OR EMPLOYEES. (1) United States. To serve the United States, a party must: (A)(i) deliver a copy of the summons, complaint, Initial Order, any addendum to that order, and any other order directed by the court to the parties at the time of filing to the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia—or to an assistant United States attorney or clerical employee whom the United States Attorney designates in a writing filed with the court clerk—or (ii) send a copy of each by registered or certified mail to the civil-process clerk at the United States Attorney’s Office; (B) send a copy of each by registered or certified mail to the Attorney General of the United States at Washington, D.C.; and (C) if the action challenges an order of a nonparty agency or officer of the United States, send a copy of each by registered or certified mail to the agency or officer. (2) Agency; Corporation; Officer or Employee Sued in an Official Capacity. To serve a United States agency or corporation, or a United States officer or employee sued only in an official capacity, a party must serve the United States and also send a copy of the summons, complaint, Initial Order, any addendum to that order, and any other order directed by the court to the parties at the time of filing by registered or certified mail to the agency, corporation, officer, or employee. (3) Officer or Employee Sued Individually. To serve a United States officer or employee sued in an individual capacity for an act or omission occurring in connection with duties performed on the United States’ behalf (whether or not the officer or employee is also sued in an official capacity), a party must serve the United States and also serve the officer or employee under Rule 4(e), (f), or (g). (4) Extending Time. The court must allow a party a reasonable time to cure its failure to: (A) serve a person required to be served under Rule 4(i)(2), if the party has served either the United States Attorney or the Attorney General of the United States; or (B) serve the United States under Rule 4(i)(3), if the party has served the United States officer or employee.

(j) SERVING THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, AN AGENCY OR OFFICER OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, OR OTHER GOVERNMENT ENTITIES SUBJECT TO SUIT (1) Foreign State. A foreign state or its political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality must be served in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 1608. (2) State or Local Government. A state, municipal corporation, or any other statecreated governmental organization that is subject to suit must be served by: (A) delivering a copy of the summons, complaint, Initial Order, any addendum to that order, and any other order directed by the court to the parties at the time of filing to its chief executive officer; or (B) serving the summons, complaint, Initial Order, any addendum to that order, and any other order directed by the court to the parties at the time of filing in the manner prescribed by that state’s law for serving a summons or like process on such a defendant. (3) District of Columbia (A) In General. The District of Columbia must be served by delivering (pursuant to Rule 4(c)(2)-(3)) or mailing (pursuant to Rule 4(c)(4)) a copy of the summons, complaint, Initial Order, any addendum to that order, and any other order directed by the court to the parties at the time of filing to the Mayor of the District of Columbia (or designee) and the Attorney General of the District of Columbia (or designee) (B) Designees. The Mayor and the Attorney General may each designate an employee for receipt of service of process by filing a written notice with the court clerk. (C) Service on a Nonparty. In any action attacking the validity of an order of an agency or officer of the District of Columbia not made a party, a copy of the summons, complaint, Initial Order, any addendum to that order, and any other order directed by the court to the parties at the time of filing must also be delivered or mailed to the officer or agency. (D) Agency; Officer or Employee Sued in an Official Capacity. To serve a District of Columbia agency or a District of Columbia officer or employee sued only in an official capacity, a party must serve by delivering (pursuant to Rule 4(c)(2)-(3)) or mailing (pursuant to Rule 4(c)(4)) a copy of the summons, complaint, Initial Order, any addendum to that order, and any other order directed by the court to the parties at the time of filing to the Mayor (or designee), the Attorney General (or designee), as well as the agency, officer, or employee. (E) Officer or Employee Sued Individually. To serve a District of Columbia officer or employee sued in an individual capacity for an act or omission occurring in connection with duties performed on the District of Columbia’s behalf (whether or not the officer or employee is also sued in an official capacity), a party must serve the District of Columbia under Rule 4(j)(3)(A) and also serve the officer or employee under Rule 4(e), (f), or (g).

INDIVIDUAL: Service upon an individual other than an infant, incompetent person, or convict may be made by: (A) Delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the individual personally; or (B) Delivering a copy of the summons and complaint at the individual's dwelling place or usual place of abode to a member of the individual's family who is above the age of sixteen (16) years and by advising such person of the purport of the summons and complaint; or (C) Delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to an agent or attorney-in-fact authorized by appointment or statute to receive or accept service of the summons and complaint in the individual's behalf; or (D) The clerk sending a copy of the summons and complaint to the individual to be served by certified mail, return receipt requested, and delivery restricted to the addressee; or (E) The clerk sending a copy of the summons and complaint by first class mail, postage prepaid, to the person to be served, together with two copies of a notice and acknowledgment conforming substantially to Form 14 and a return envelope, postage prepaid, addressed to the clerk.

INFANTS AND INCOMPETENTS UNDER 14 YEARS: Upon an infant or incompetent younger than 14 years of age, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to the infant’s or incompetent’s guardian or conservator resident in the State; or, if there be no such guardian or conservator, then to either the infant’s or incompetent’s father or mother if they be found. If there is no such guardian or conservator and if the father or mother cannot be found, service of the summons and complaint shall be made upon a guardian ad litem appointed under Rule 17(c). But if any of the persons upon whom service is directed to be made by this paragraph is a plaintiff, then service shall be upon the person who stands first in the order named in this paragraph who is not a plaintiff.

INFANTS AND INCOMPETENTS 14 YEARS OR OLDER: Upon an infant or incompetent 14 years of age or older, by making service as provided in paragraph (2) above, and in addition by making service upon the infant or incompetent as provided in paragraph (1) above.

CONVICTS: Upon a person confined in the penitentiary of this or any other state, or of the United States, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to that person’s committee, guardian, or like fiduciary resident in the State; or, if there be no such committee, guardian, or like fiduciary, or if the committee, guardian, or like fiduciary is a plaintiff, service of process shall be made upon a guardian ad litem appointed under Rule 17(c).

DOMESTIC PRIVATE CORPORATIONS: Upon a domestic private corporation, (A) by delivering or mailing in accordance with paragraph (1) above a copy of the summons and complaint to an officer, director, or trustee thereof; or, if no such officer, director, or trustee be found, by delivering a copy thereof to any agent of the corporation including, in the case of a railroad company, a depot or station agent in the actual employment of the company; but excluding, in the case of an insurance company, a local or soliciting agent; or (B) by delivering or mailing in accordance with paragraph (1) above a copy thereof to any agent or attorney in fact authorized by appointment or by statute to receive or accept service in its behalf.

DOMESTIC PUBLIC CORPORATIONS: (A) Upon a city, town, or village, by delivering or mailing in accordance with paragraph (1) above a copy of the summons and complaint to its mayor, city manager, recorder, clerk, treasurer, or any member of its council or board of commissioners; (B) Upon a county commission of any county or other tribunal created to transact county business, by delivering or mailing in accordance with paragraph (1) above a copy of the summons and complaint to any commissioner or the clerk thereof or, if they be absent, to the prosecuting attorney of the county; (C) Upon a board of education, by delivering or mailing in accordance with paragraph (1) above a copy of the summons and complaint to the president or any member thereof or, if they be absent, to the prosecuting attorney of the county; (D) Upon any other domestic public corporation, (i) by delivering or mailing in accordance with paragraph (1) above a copy of the summons and complaint to any officer, director, or governor thereof, or (ii) by delivering or mailing in accordance with paragraph (1) above a copy thereof to an agent or attorney in fact authorized by appointment or by statute to receive or accept service in its behalf.

FOREIGN CORPORATIONS AND BUSINESS TRUSTS QUALIFIED TO DO BUISINESS: Upon a foreign corporation, including a business trust, which has qualified to do business in the State, by delivering or mailing in accordance with paragraph (1) above a copy of the summons and complaint as provided in Rule 4(d)(5).

FOREIGN CORPORATIONS AND BUSINESS TRUSTS NOT QUALIFIED TO DO BUSINESS: Upon a foreign corporation, including a business trust, which has not qualified to do business in the State, (A) by delivering or mailing in accordance with paragraph (1) above a copy of the summons and complaint to any officer, director, trustee, or agent of such corporation; or (B) by delivering or mailing in accordance with paragraph (1) above copies thereof to any agent or attorney in fact authorized by appointment or by statute to receive or accept service in its behalf.

UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS: Upon an unincorporated association which is subject to suit under a common name, by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to any officer, director, or governor thereof, or by delivering or mailing in accordance with paragraph (1) above a copy of the summons and complaint to any agent or attorney in fact authorized by appointment or by statute to receive or accept service in its behalf; or, if no such officer, director, governor, or appointed or statutory agent or attorney in fact be found, then by delivering or mailing in accordance with paragraph (1) above a copy of the summons and complaint to any member of such association and publishing notice of the pendency of such action once a week for two successive weeks in the newspaper of general circulation in the county wherein such action is pending. Proof of publication of such notice is made by filing the publisher’s certificate of publication with the court.

NATURAL PERSON: Except as provided in sub. (2) upon a natural person: (a) By personally serving the summons upon the defendant either within or without this state. (b) If with reasonable diligence the defendant cannot be served under par. (a), then by leaving a copy of the summons at the defendant's usual place of abode: 801.11(1)(b)1.1. In the presence of some competent member of the family at least 14 years of age, who shall be informed of the contents thereof; 1m. In the presence of a competent adult, currently residing in the abode of the defendant, who shall be informed of the contents of the summons; or 801.11(1)(b)2.2. Pursuant to the law for the substituted service of summons or like process upon defendants in actions brought in courts of general jurisdiction of the state in which service is made. (c) If with reasonable diligence the defendant cannot be served under par. (a) or (b), service may be made by publication of the summons as a class 3 notice, under ch. 985, and by mailing. If the defendant's post-office address is known or can with reasonable diligence be ascertained, there shall be mailed to the defendant, at or immediately prior to the first publication, a copy of the summons and a copy of the complaint. The mailing may be omitted if the post-office address cannot be ascertained with reasonable diligence. (d) In any case, by serving the summons in a manner specified by any other statute upon the defendant or upon an agent authorized by appointment or by law to accept service of the summons for the defendant.

NATURAL PERSON UNDER DISABILITY: Upon a natural person under disability by serving the summons in any manner prescribed in sub. (1) upon the person under disability and, in addition, where required by par. (a) or (b), upon a person therein designated. A minor 14 years of age or older who is not adjudicated incompetent and not otherwise under guardianship is not a person under disability for purposes of this subsection. (a) Where the person under disability is a minor under the age of 14 years, summons shall be served separately in any manner prescribed in sub. (1) upon a parent or guardian having custody of the child, or if there is none, upon any other person having the care and control of the child. If there is no parent, guardian or other person having care and control of the child when service is made upon the child, then service of the summons shall also be made upon the guardian ad litem after appointment under s. 803.01. (b) Where the person under disability is known by the plaintiff to be under guardianship of any kind, a summons shall be served separately upon the guardian in any manner prescribed in sub. (1), (5) or (6). If no guardian has been appointed when service is made upon a person alleged by the plaintiff to be incompetent to have charge of the person's affairs, then service of the summons shall be made upon the guardian ad litem after appointment under s. 803.01.

STATE: Upon the state, by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the attorney general or leaving them at the attorney general's office in the capitol with an assistant or clerk.

OTHER POLITICAL CORPORATIONS OR BODIES POLITIC: 801.11(4)(a)(a) Upon a political corporation or other body politic, by personally serving any of the specified officers, directors, or agents: 1. If the action is against a county, the chairperson of the county board or the county clerk; 2. If against a town, the chairperson or clerk thereof; 3. If against a city, the mayor, city manager or clerk thereof; 4. If against a village, the president or clerk thereof; 5. If against a technical college district, the district board chairperson or secretary thereof; 6. If against a school district or school board, the president or clerk thereof; and 7. If against any other body politic, an officer, director, or managing agent thereof. (b) In lieu of delivering the copy of the summons to the person specified, the copy may be left in the office of such officer, director or managing agent with the person who is apparently in charge of the office.

DOMESTIC OR FOREIGN CORPORATIONS OR LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES: Upon a domestic or foreign corporation or domestic or foreign limited liability company:(a) By personally serving the summons upon an officer, director or managing agent of the corporation or limited liability company either within or without this state. In lieu of delivering the copy of the summons to the officer specified, the copy may be left in the office of such officer, director or managing agent with the person who is apparently in charge of the office. (b) If with reasonable diligence the defendant cannot be served under par. (a), then the summons may be served upon an officer, director or managing agent of the corporation or limited liability company by publication and mailing as provided in sub. (1). (c) By serving the summons in a manner specified by any other statute upon the defendant or upon an agent authorized by appointment or by law to accept service of the summons for the defendant. (d) If against any insurer, to any agent of the insurer as defined by s. 628.02. Service upon an agent of the insurer is not valid unless a copy of the summons and proof of service is sent by registered mail to the principal place of business of the insurer within 5 days after service upon the agent. Service upon any insurer may also be made under par. (a).

PARTNERS AND PARTNERSHIPS: A summons shall be served individually upon each general partner known to the plaintiff by service in any manner prescribed in sub. (1), (2) or (5) where the claim sued upon arises out of or relates to partnership activities within this state sufficient to subject a defendant to personal jurisdiction under s. 801.05 (2) to (10). A judgment rendered under such circumstances is a binding adjudication individually against each partner so served and is a binding adjudication against the partnership as to its assets anywhere.

INDIVIDUAL: An individual other than a person under 14 years of age or an incompetent person may be served within the United States: es: (1) by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the individual personally, (2) by leaving copies thereof at the individual’s dwelling house or usual place of abode with some person over the age of 14 years then residing therein, (3) at the defendant’s usual place of business with an employee of the defendant then in charge of such place of business, or (4) by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process

INDIVIDUAL IN A FOREIGN COUNTRY: — An individual — other than a person under 14 years of age or an incompetent person — may be served at a place not within the United States: (1) by any internationally agreed means of service that is reasonably calculated to give notice, such as those authorized by the Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents; (2) if there is no internationally agreed means, or if an international agreement allows but does not specify other means, by a method that is reasonably calculated to give notice: (A) as prescribed by the foreign country’s law for service in that country in an action in its courts of general jurisdiction; (B) as the foreign authority directs in response to a letter rogatory or letter of request; or (C) unless prohibited by the foreign country’s law, by: (i) delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the individual personally; or (ii) using any form of mail that the clerk addresses and sends to the individual and that requires a signed receipt; or (3) by other means not prohibited by international agreement, as the court orders.

PERSONS UNDER 14 YEARS OF AGE OR AN INCOMPETENT PERSON: An individual under 14 years of age or an incompetent person may be served within the United States by serving a copy of the summons and of the complaint upon the guardian or, if no guardian has been appointed in this state, then upon the person having legal custody and control or upon a guardian ad litem. An individual under 14 years of age or an incompetent person who is not within the United States must be served in the manner prescribed by Rule 4(f)(2)(A), (f)(2)(B), or (f)(3).

CORPORATION, PARTNERSHIP, ASSOCIATION: (1) Service upon a partnership, or other unincorporated association, within the United States shall be made: (A) by delivery of copies to one or more of the partners or associates, or a managing or general agent thereof, or agent for process, or (B) by leaving same at the usual place of business of such defendant with any employee then in charge thereof. (2) Service upon a corporation within the United States shall be made: (A) by delivery of copies to any officer, manager, general agent, or agent for process, or (B) If no such officer, manager or agent can be found in the county in which the action is brought such copies may be delivered to any agent or employee found in such county. (C) If such delivery be to a person other than an officer, manager, general agent or agent for process, the clerk, at least 20 days before default is entered, shall mail copies to the corporation by registered or certified mail and marked ‘restricted delivery‘ with return receipt requested, at its last known address. (3) Service upon a partnership, other unincorporated association, or corporation not within the United States shall be made in any manner prescribed by Rule 4(f) for serving an individual, except personal delivery under (f)(2)(C)(i).

DEPARTMENT OR AGENCY OF THE STATE, OR A MUNICPAL, OR OTHER PUBLIC CORPORATION: Service upon a department or agency of the state, a municipal or other public corporation shall be made by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the chief executive officer thereof, or to its secretary, clerk, person in charge of its principal office or place of business, or any member of its governing body, or as otherwise provided by statute.

SECRETARY OF STATE: — Service upon the secretary of state, as agent for a party shall be made when and in the manner authorized by statute.